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BIOSCI 107 > Primary functions of organs > Flashcards

Primary functions of organs Flashcards

1
Q

epidermis

A

protects - covers surface
protects - deeper tissue
vitamin d production

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2
Q

dermis

A

feeds epidermis
strength
glands

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3
Q

hair follicles

hair

A

sensation from nerves

protection

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4
Q

sebaceous glands

A

lubrication of hair shaft and epidermis

removes waste

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5
Q

sensory receptors

A

detects sensations; touch, pain, pressure, temperature

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6
Q

nails

A

stiffen and protects digits

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7
Q

sweat glands

A

thermoregulation - evaporative cooling

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8
Q

hypodermis

A

fat stores;

connects skin to deeper layers

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9
Q

skeletal muscles

A 
skeletal movement
control entrances and exits to digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems
produce heat by shivering
support skeleton
protect soft tissue
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10
Q

axial muscles

A

provide support

positions axial skeleton

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11
Q

appendicular muscles

A

support and move limbs

brace limbs

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12
Q

tendons

A

translate contractile forces into tasks

muscle to bone

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13
Q

aponeuroses

A

translate contractile forces into tasks

usually muscle to muscle

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14
Q

bones, cartilage, joints

A

cartilage - fibrous bone to bone interfaces;

may be hyaline (ribs), firbo- (discs), etc.

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15
Q

axial skeleton

- skull, vertebrae, sacrum, cocyx, sternum, supporting cartilages, ligaments

A

protects the brain and spinal cord, sense organs, and soft tissues of thorax
supports body weight over lower limbs

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16
Q

appendicular skeleton

- limbs and supporting bones and ligaments

A

internal support and positioning of external limbs

supports and enables muscles to move axial skeleton

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17
Q

bones

A

store minerals

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18
Q

bone marrow - red

A

RBC production in flat bones (lose with aging)

flat bones - pelvis, sternum, skull, ribs

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19
Q

bone marrow - yellow

A

stores fats in medullary cavity of long bones

gain with aging and yellow -> red after major bleeding

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20
Q

central nervous system

A

control centre, short term control over other systems

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21
Q

brain

A

perform complex integrative activities

controls voluntary and involuntary

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22
Q

spinal cord

A

relays information to and from brain

performs less complex integrative activities (reflex arc) before response reaches brain

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23
Q

special senses - PNS and CNS (except optic nerve)

A

sensory input to brain - sight, hearing, smell, taste, equilibrium

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24
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

connects other systems and sense organs with CNS

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25
Q

pineal gland

A

day night rhythms

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26
Q

hypothalamus/pituitary gland

A

controls many other endocrine glands
fluid balance
regulates growth

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27
Q

thyroid

A

calcium levels

metabolic rate

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28
Q

parathyroid

A

calcium levels

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29
Q

thymus

A

maturation of lymphocytes (important when young)

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30
Q

adrenal glands

A 
water and mineral balance (eg. aldosterone)
tissue metabolism (cortisol)
cardio and respiratory function (adrenaline)
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31
Q

kidneys

A

RBC production
blood pressure up
calcium levels

32
Q

pancreas

A

glucose control

33
Q

gonads

A

sexual characteristics and reproduction

34
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

transport lymph fluids (water and protein) and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to veins of cardiovascular system

35
Q

lymphatic fluid

A

lipids (fats and fatty acids) from gut

36
Q

B and T cells

A

carry out immune responses

37
Q

lymph nodes

A

monitor composition of lymph
engulf pathogens
stimulate immune response (eg. lymphadenopathy)

38
Q

spleen

A

recycle RBC
monitor circulation of blood cells
engulf pathogens
stimulate immune response

39
Q

thymus

A

controls development and maintenance of T cell lymphocytes

40
Q

heart

A

propel blood

maintain blood pressure

41
Q

arteries

A

conduits blood from heart to capillaries

42
Q

capillaries

A

diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids

43
Q

veins

A

returns blood from capillaries back to heart

44
Q

blood

A 
transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
transport of nutrients and hormones
defence against illness - transport of immune cells
removes waste
acid base balance
temperature regulation
45
Q

nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

A

filters, warms, and humidifies air

detects smell

46
Q

pharynx

A

conducts air to larynx

47
Q

larynx

A

protects opening of trachea

contains vocal cords for vocalisation

48
Q

trachea

A

conducts air

held open by cartilage

49
Q

bronchi

A

conducts air between trachea and lungs

50
Q

lungs

A

air movement
gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli
acid-base control

51
Q

oral cavity

A

chew and break up food along with teeth and tongue

52
Q

salivary glands

A

enzymes begin digestion

buffers and lubricates

53
Q

trachea

A

solid food and liquid to oesophagus

54
Q

oesophagus

A

channel food to stomach

55
Q

stomach

A

secretes acids
enzymes
hormones

56
Q

small intestine

A

digestive enzymes
buffers and hormones
absorbs nutrients

57
Q

liver

A

secretes bile

regulates nutrients in blood

58
Q

gallbladder

A

concentrates bile

59
Q

pancreas

A

digestive enzymes
buffers
endocrine cells

60
Q

large intestine and anus

A

water removal

waste storage and removal

61
Q

kidneys

A

form and concentrate urine
regulate pH and ions
blood pressure and volume
endocrine function - assist in production of blood cells and mineral balance

62
Q

ureter

A

connect kidneys with bladder

63
Q

bladder

A

store urine prior to elimination

64
Q

urethra

A

conducts urine to exterior

65
Q

testes

A

produce sperm and hormones

66
Q

epididymis

A

sperm maturation

67
Q

ductus deferens

A

sperm from epididymis

68
Q

seminal glands

A

seminal fluid

69
Q

prostate glands

A

seminal fluid

70
Q

urethra

A

sperm to exterior

71
Q

external genitalia - penis and scrotum

A

reproduction and thermal control

72
Q

ovaries

A

oocytes and hormones

73
Q

uterine tubes

A

delivers oocyte

location of fertilisation

74
Q

uterus

A

embryonic development

75
Q

vagina and external genitalia

A

lubrication
sperm reception
birth canal

76
Q

mammary glands

A

nutrition for new-born

77
Q

name the layers of the epidermis

name the layers involved in vitamin D production

A 
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
*stratum spinosum
*stratum basal 
*involved in vitD production

BIOSCI 107 (3 decks)

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