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BIOSCI 107 > Primary functions of organs > Flashcards

Primary functions of organs Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

epidermis

A

protects - covers surface
protects - deeper tissue
vitamin d production

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2
Q

dermis

A

feeds epidermis
strength
glands

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3
Q

hair follicles

hair

A

sensation from nerves

protection

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4
Q

sebaceous glands

A

lubrication of hair shaft and epidermis

removes waste

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5
Q

sensory receptors

A

detects sensations; touch, pain, pressure, temperature

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6
Q

nails

A

stiffen and protects digits

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7
Q

sweat glands

A

thermoregulation - evaporative cooling

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8
Q

hypodermis

A

fat stores;

connects skin to deeper layers

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9
Q

skeletal muscles

A 
skeletal movement
control entrances and exits to digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems
produce heat by shivering
support skeleton
protect soft tissue
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10
Q

axial muscles

A

provide support

positions axial skeleton

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11
Q

appendicular muscles

A

support and move limbs

brace limbs

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12
Q

tendons

A

translate contractile forces into tasks

muscle to bone

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13
Q

aponeuroses

A

translate contractile forces into tasks

usually muscle to muscle

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14
Q

bones, cartilage, joints

A

cartilage - fibrous bone to bone interfaces;

may be hyaline (ribs), firbo- (discs), etc.

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15
Q

axial skeleton

- skull, vertebrae, sacrum, cocyx, sternum, supporting cartilages, ligaments

A

protects the brain and spinal cord, sense organs, and soft tissues of thorax
supports body weight over lower limbs

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16
Q

appendicular skeleton

- limbs and supporting bones and ligaments

A

internal support and positioning of external limbs

supports and enables muscles to move axial skeleton

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17
Q

bones

A

store minerals

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18
Q

bone marrow - red

A

RBC production in flat bones (lose with aging)

flat bones - pelvis, sternum, skull, ribs

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19
Q

bone marrow - yellow

A

stores fats in medullary cavity of long bones

gain with aging and yellow -> red after major bleeding

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20
Q

central nervous system

A

control centre, short term control over other systems

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21
Q

brain

A

perform complex integrative activities

controls voluntary and involuntary

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22
Q

spinal cord

A

relays information to and from brain

performs less complex integrative activities (reflex arc) before response reaches brain

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23
Q

special senses - PNS and CNS (except optic nerve)

A

sensory input to brain - sight, hearing, smell, taste, equilibrium

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24
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

connects other systems and sense organs with CNS

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25
pineal gland
day night rhythms
26
hypothalamus/pituitary gland
controls many other endocrine glands fluid balance regulates growth
27
thyroid
calcium levels | metabolic rate
28
parathyroid
calcium levels
29
thymus
maturation of lymphocytes (important when young)
30
adrenal glands
``` water and mineral balance (eg. aldosterone) tissue metabolism (cortisol) cardio and respiratory function (adrenaline) ```
31
kidneys
RBC production blood pressure up calcium levels
32
pancreas
glucose control
33
gonads
sexual characteristics and reproduction
34
lymphatic vessels
transport lymph fluids (water and protein) and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to veins of cardiovascular system
35
lymphatic fluid
lipids (fats and fatty acids) from gut
36
B and T cells
carry out immune responses
37
lymph nodes
monitor composition of lymph engulf pathogens stimulate immune response (eg. lymphadenopathy)
38
spleen
recycle RBC monitor circulation of blood cells engulf pathogens stimulate immune response
39
thymus
controls development and maintenance of T cell lymphocytes
40
heart
propel blood | maintain blood pressure
41
arteries
conduits blood from heart to capillaries
42
capillaries
diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids
43
veins
returns blood from capillaries back to heart
44
blood
``` transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport of nutrients and hormones defence against illness - transport of immune cells removes waste acid base balance temperature regulation ```
45
nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
filters, warms, and humidifies air | detects smell
46
pharynx
conducts air to larynx
47
larynx
protects opening of trachea | contains vocal cords for vocalisation
48
trachea
conducts air | held open by cartilage
49
bronchi
conducts air between trachea and lungs
50
lungs
air movement gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli acid-base control
51
oral cavity
chew and break up food along with teeth and tongue
52
salivary glands
enzymes begin digestion | buffers and lubricates
53
trachea
solid food and liquid to oesophagus
54
oesophagus
channel food to stomach
55
stomach
secretes acids enzymes hormones
56
small intestine
digestive enzymes buffers and hormones absorbs nutrients
57
liver
secretes bile | regulates nutrients in blood
58
gallbladder
concentrates bile
59
pancreas
digestive enzymes buffers endocrine cells
60
large intestine and anus
water removal | waste storage and removal
61
kidneys
form and concentrate urine regulate pH and ions blood pressure and volume endocrine function - assist in production of blood cells and mineral balance
62
ureter
connect kidneys with bladder
63
bladder
store urine prior to elimination
64
urethra
conducts urine to exterior
65
testes
produce sperm and hormones
66
epididymis
sperm maturation
67
ductus deferens
sperm from epididymis
68
seminal glands
seminal fluid
69
prostate glands
seminal fluid
70
urethra
sperm to exterior
71
external genitalia - penis and scrotum
reproduction and thermal control
72
ovaries
oocytes and hormones
73
uterine tubes
delivers oocyte | location of fertilisation
74
uterus
embryonic development
75
vagina and external genitalia
lubrication sperm reception birth canal
76
mammary glands
nutrition for new-born
77
name the layers of the epidermis | name the layers involved in vitamin D production
``` stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum *stratum spinosum *stratum basal *involved in vitD production ```

BIOSCI 107 (3 decks)

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