Primary Healthcare

Question 1

barefoot doctors

Answer 1

1. Barefoot Doctors provide health education and administer basic first aid, then refer people to local health care centres/hospitals if needed.
2. This is suitable for developing countries as many rural people find it hard to travel to the hospitals which can be many days walk away
3. This takes pressure off the busy hospitals and allows illnesses to be treated earlier before they become more serious.
4. Barefoot doctors also educate through play and songs, which is suitable as some people are illiterate in developing countries.

Question 2

malaria kits

Answer 2

1. Malaria kits issued to teachers in rural schools (microscope and anti-malarial drugs).
2. Pupils and parents trust teacher
3. No extra wage or building costs required
4. Teachers can pass on knowledge to other teachers

Question 3

oral rehydration therapy (ORT)

Answer 3

• The mixture of salt and sugar with clean water
• It is very effective as it is cheap for impoverished countries.
• It can be administered by untrained staff.
• The WHO estimates 1 million babies lives are saved each year from this.

Question 4

bicycles

Answer 4

1. Research shows that Community Health Volunteers reach 45% more patients more often with a bicycle.
2. By visiting patients frequently and spending more time with them, caregivers can better understand and address their patients’ needs.
3. Bicycles also contribute to greater retention of volunteers within the healthcare program.
4. Bicycles can be used for personal errands, instead of walking, leaving more time for professional development.

Question 5

Charities

Answer 5

1. Water Aid improve water sanitation by installing facilities such as pit latrines.
2. The number of people with access to improved drinking water increased.
3. Ash compost from latrines can improve crop yield, thus easing malnutrition .

Question 6

vaccination programmes

Answer 6

• UNICEF run immunisation campaigns in rural areas where people find it more difficult to access healthcare.
• Eg. polio immunisation campaign. By 2018 polio was endemic in only 2 countries.

Question 7

ITNs

Answer 7

• Provide a physical barrier against the mosquito.
• However, they need to be treated regularly to be effective
• In some cases are used as fishing nets so wash off insecticide.