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Anatomy - Immune System > Primary Lymphoid Tissue > Flashcards

Primary Lymphoid Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are primary lymphoid tissues?

A

They are tissues where lymphocytes develop and mature to a stage where they are able to recognise antigens

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2
Q

What are primary lymphoid tissues also known as?

A

Central lymphoid organs

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3
Q

What do primary lymphoid tissues consist of?

A

Bone marrow and the thymus

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4
Q

What are all immune cells derived from?

A

Haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow

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5
Q

What is the bone marrow a site of?

A

The site of origin of red blood cells and platelets

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6
Q

What are the two main types of bone marrow?

A

Red and yellow

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7
Q

What is red marrow involved in?

A

Haempatorpoiesis

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8
Q

What is yellow marrow made up of?

A

Adipocytes

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9
Q

What is an Adipocyte?

A

A specialised cell of adipose tissue that stores excess energy in the form of triglyceride droplets and secretes various substances (such as leptin) that plat a role in various physiological processes

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10
Q

What happens when our body requires additional energy?

A

The droplets of triglyceride contained in Adipocytes undergo enzymatic hydrolysis to produce free fatty acids and glycerol

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11
Q

Where does haematopoiesis take place at birth?

A

Takes place in all medullary cavities of bone

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12
Q

Where does haematopoiesis take place in adults?

A

It is restricted to the axial skeleton and all other medullary cavities are left with only Adipocytes

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13
Q

What do lymphocytes descend from?

A

A common lymphoid progenitor

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14
Q

What do T cells leave the bone marrow as?

A

Immature progenitors and travel to the thymus, via the blood to complete maturation and undergo selection

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15
Q

What does the thymus sit?

A

Within the thorax, specifically superior and anterior mediastinum

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16
Q

Where is the thorax positioned?

A

It is positioned anterior/superficial to the heart and pericardium but posterior to the sternum

17
Q

What happens to T cells during maturation?

A

T cells die in the thymus as they fail to produce a T cell receptor that is useful to the immune system

18
Q

What do pro-T cells do?

A

They travel to the thymus and enter the cortex

19
Q

What is positive selection of T cells?

A

It selects those T cells capable of recognising self MHC molecules and peptides

20
Q

What do cortical epithelial cells do?

A

They present antigens to the T cells on MHC 1 and MHC 2

21
Q

What are major histocompatability complex molecules?

A

They are the MHC complex molecules responsible for antigen presentation at a cellular level

22
Q

What are cells that are able to detect MHC-1 go on to become?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

23
Q

What are cells that are able to detect MHC class II able to go onto?

A

Helper-T cells

24
Q

What happens to the T cell if they don’t recognise the proteins MHC complex?

A

They will die by apoptosis after four days. 95% of T cells which make it to the thymus fall to this fate

25
Q

What happens if a T cells successfully recognises the MHC protein complex?

A

It receives a survival signal which prevents it entering apoptosis

26
Q

What do surviving T cells advance to?

A

The medullary region

27
Q

What happens in the medullary region?

A

Negative selection takes place - eliminating the T cells which wold recognise self-peptide and therefore be dangerous to the body

28
Q

What happens in the medulla (dendritic cells)?

A

The dendritic cells present self antigen to the T cells on MHC1 and MHC2

29
Q

What happens to the cells that recognise and bind the antigen in the medulla?

A

They are given the death signal and they are told to undergo apoptosis

30
Q

What happens to the cells that do not bind after 4 days in the medulla?

A

They a deemed useful and leave the thymus, entering the bloodstream

Anatomy - Immune System (4 decks)

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