primates

Question 1

plesiadapiformes

Answer 1

• Paraphyletic
• Northern hemisphere
• Primate features: Entotympanicum absent + talon upper molar
• non-strepsirhini features: long snout + eyes lateral + no postorbital bridge + rodent like dentition (diastema) + non-opposable pollex

Question 2

Strepsirhini in general

Answer 2

Orbita:
- still a lot lateral
- no fovea centralis (nocturnal)
- tapetum lucidum (nocturnal)
- post orbital bridge, but orbita not closed yet
olfaction important
jaws:
-mandibular symphysis
small brain
opposable hallux
nails (claws second toe)

Question 3

Adapiformes

Answer 3

diurnal
northern hemisphere
- snout reduces
- orbita frontal
- vision > olfactory
- brain larger
- no mandibular symphysis

Question 4

Lemuriformes

Answer 4

• Madagascar, but originated mainland africa
• annulus tympanicus hangs freely in cavity of middle ear bones
• claws
• grooming combs

Question 5

Lorisiformes

Answer 5

Africa and Asia
- LARGE orbita
- grooming combs
- Lorisidae (constant grip)
- Galagonidae (jumpers)

Question 6

Haplorhini

Answer 6

• larger body + brain
• social complexer
• diurnal
• vision -> frontal bones fused + orbita closed off
• no symphysis mandibula
• inner ear: annulus tympanicus fused to bulla tympanica -> ectotympanic bone
• no claws
• quedrupedal running, brachiation and bipedal walking

Question 7

Omomyiformes

Answer 7

• small
• nocturnal w large orbita
• small brain
• ectotympanicum form meatus

Question 8

Tarsiiformes

Answer 8

Strepsirhini features:
- mandibular symphysis
- small brain
- claws
Haplorhini features:
- short snout
- placenta haemo-chorialis
- Diurnal features but lifestyle is nocturnal -> orbita large
- postorbital constriction present
- Ectotympanicum forms meatus

Question 9

Platyrrhini

Answer 9

-dichromatic
- ectotympanicum forms annulus tympanicus
- orbita partially seperated from temporal fenestra
- alisphenoid seperated from frontale

Question 10

Catarrhini

Answer 10

-trichromatic
- ectotympanicum forms annulus tympanicus -> meatus
- orbita seperated from TF
- alisphenoid contacts frontale
- quedrapedal
- sexual dimorphism