Primera Parte

Question 2

What is the primary role of carbonic acid in pH regulation?

Answer 2

Carbonic acid helps to stabilize pH levels in biological systems.

Question 3

True or False: Carbonic acid is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The dissociation of carbonic acid in water produces _____ ions.

Answer 4

bicarbonate

Question 5

What is the chemical formula for carbonic acid?

Answer 5

H2CO3

Question 6

What effect does an increase in carbon dioxide concentration have on pH?

Answer 6

It decreases pH, making the solution more acidic.

Question 7

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a buffer system that involves carbonic acid? A) Phosphate buffer B) Bicarbonate buffer C) Protein buffer

Answer 7

B) Bicarbonate buffer

Question 8

What happens to the pH of blood when carbon dioxide levels rise?

Answer 8

The pH decreases, leading to acidosis.

Question 9

True or False: Carbonic acid can act as both an acid and a base.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Short answer: What is the relationship between carbonic acid and bicarbonate in the bicarbonate buffer system?

Answer 10

Carbonic acid can dissociate into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, which helps maintain pH balance.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The reaction of carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid is known as _____ reaction.

Answer 11

hydration

Question 12

What is the primary physiological significance of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?

Answer 12

It helps maintain the pH of blood and other bodily fluids.

Question 13

Multiple choice: Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating carbon dioxide levels in the body? A) Liver B) Lungs C) Kidneys

Answer 13

B) Lungs

Question 14

True or False: The bicarbonate buffer system can quickly respond to changes in pH.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the typical pH range of human blood?

Answer 15

7.35 to 7.45

Question 16

Fill in the blank: When carbon dioxide is exhaled, it results in a _____ of hydrogen ions in the blood.

Answer 16

decrease

Question 17

What is the effect of respiratory acidosis on pH?

Answer 17

It lowers the pH, making the blood more acidic.

Question 18

Multiple choice: Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid? A) Carbonic anhydrase B) Lactate dehydrogenase C) Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 18

A) Carbonic anhydrase

Question 19

Short answer: How does hyperventilation affect carbonic acid levels?

Answer 19

It decreases carbonic acid levels, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

Question 20

True or False: The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system is the only buffering system in the body.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the primary buffer in the gastric system?

Answer 21

Hydrochloric acid, not carbonic acid.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The balance between carbonic acid and bicarbonate is crucial for maintaining _____ homeostasis.

Answer 22

acid-base

Question 23

Multiple choice: Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis? A) Increased carbon dioxide B) Excess bicarbonate C) Decreased bicarbonate

Answer 23

B) Excess bicarbonate

Question 24

What is the role of the kidneys in the regulation of bicarbonate levels?

Answer 24

The kidneys reabsorb bicarbonate and excrete hydrogen ions to help maintain pH balance.

Question 25

True or False: Carbonic acid is a weak acid.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the consequence of a rapid decrease in carbon dioxide in the blood?

Answer 26

It can lead to respiratory alkalosis.