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PRIN 1 The Body Flashcards

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1
Q

Endoderm

A

Lungs & Alveolar walls
Lining of GU
Liver
Bladder

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2
Q

How does endoderm form?

A

Epiblast cells push hypoblast cells and create new layer in its place

Hypoblast cells become lining of yolk sac and give rise to germ cells

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3
Q

Trimesters of Pregancy

A

(1) 0-14
(2) 14-27
(3) 28-40
note: 42+ = post-term

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4
Q

GTPAL

A

(G) # of times preg

(T) # preg carried to term 37-42 GA

(P) # of preg delivered preterm 20-36 GA

(A) # of preg <20

(L) # of living

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5
Q

Intermediate Mesoderm

A

forms between somite and lateral plate mesoderm

gives rise to urinary & genital systems

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6
Q

Primitive Streak

A

GASTRULATION

*Prim Streak = region where cells are detaching from epiblast layer (migrating in)

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7
Q

Pregnancy Dating Methods

A

(1) LMP

(2) Early Pre US
8 -14 weeks - most accurate

(3) Blood (7 days), Urine (2 wks)
Detect hcG: diagnostic for preg only (not for dating)

(4) Physical Exam (grapefruit …)

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8
Q

What does the obstetrical history include?

A

(1) Previous Preterm Deliveries
(2) Previous C-sections
(3) GTPAL

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9
Q

Where is C8?

A

Below C7

Above T1

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10
Q

Somite Mesorderm gives rise to …

A

spinal cord
dermis
muscles of back, body walls, limbs

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11
Q

Somatic Mesorderm gives rise to ..

A

peritoneum

pleura

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12
Q

Lateral Plate Mesoderm is comprised of:

A

SOMATIC M.
peritoneum
pleura

SPLANCHNIC M.
Mesenteries
Muscles of GI

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13
Q

Splanchnic Mesoderm gives rise to …

A

Mesenteries

Muscles of GI

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14
Q

Mesoderm

A

Bone, Blood, Muscle, Kidneys, Gonads, Dermis of Skin

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15
Q

Inner Cell Mass becomes …

A

Epiblast (top)

Hypoblast (bottem)

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16
Q

What is the susceptible period for a fetus to teratogens?

A

2-10 weeks embryonic age

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17
Q

What is Nuchal-translucency?

A
  • method to detect DS
  • US: 11-14 weeks
  • looking at thickness of skin at back of neck
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18
Q

Normal Symptoms & Signs in 1st Trimester

A

Fatigue
Bloating
1 to 2 kg weight gain

  • 12 weeks: Fetal Heart detectable by Doptone
  • 16-40 weeks: Feel fetal movements
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19
Q

Nagele’s Rule

A 
Est Due Date = 
First day of LMP
- 3 months
\+ 7 days
\+1 yr
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20
Q

Ectoderm

A

CNS & Neural Crest
PNS
Epidermis of Skin
Teeth

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21
Q

When does sex determination occur in developing fetus?

A

8th week

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22
Q

How does mesoderm form?

A

Some Epiblast cells lose their attachment. Results in 2 different layers:

(1) Mesoderm
(2) Ectoderm

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23
Q

What is located between the two products of the Lateral Plate Mesoderm?

A

(somatic mesoderm)

Cavity: COELOM:
*forms body cavities: pericardial, pleural, abdominal

(splanchnic mesoderm)

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24
Q

Diaphragm arises from …

A

Septum Transversum

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25
Anatomy of Blastula
Trophoblast around outside Inner Cell Mass (inside) Inner yolk sac (inside)
26
What surrounds the blastula?
Zona Pellucida
27
What does the Trophoblast eventually become?
Placenta
28
Ectopic Pregnancy
Implantation outside of the uterus
29
Epiblast turns into ...
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
30
Hypoblast turns into ...
Germ Cells
31
"When should I feel my baby move?"
about week 16
32
When is the gender of the fetus determined?
Week 8
33
What is the mid-gut herniation?
* Normal event during pregnancy * gut grows FIRST and abdominal cavity then catches up * can possibly cause congenital problems
34
Even for the normal, healthy 25 yr old mom having a baby, there is always WHAT risk of abnormalities?
3-5%
35
What are the developmental Periods?
0-2 weeks is preembryonic 2-8 is embryonic 8+ is fetal
36
When does the the zona pellucida finally break down?
When it is the correct time for implantation
37
What induces neurulation?
Notocord
38
What happens if mom doesn't get enough folate during pregnancy?
Neural tubes won't close on either end and we get spina bifida
39
What is Anacephaly?
"without head" | actually, does have head, but it is the brain that is missing
40
What does the Neural Crest become?
PNS
41
In the gastrulation diagram, what is the long line that is seen?
``` TOP (1) Primitive Node (round thing) (2) Primitive Pit (3) Primitive Streak BOTTOM ```
42
What does the notocord become?
becomes the intervertebral discs
43
When do we get the Trilaminar Embryo?
Gastrulation (week 3)
44
What is the notocord derived from?
Mesoderm
45
What are the 3 "tomes" of the Somites?
MYOTOME skeletal muscles DERMATOME CT, dermis SCLEROTOME vertebrae, ribs
46
In the Blastula, what is above and below the inner cell mass (but surrounded by the trophoblast)?
Potential Amniotic Cavity (above) Potential Yolk Sac (below)
47
How often do prenatal care visits occur?
* Every 4 weeks until 28 weeks * Every 2 weeks 28-36 weeks * Every week until delivery (aka, 1/month during Trimesters 1&2. Every other week for first 2 months of Tri3, followed by every week for last month)
48
Drug Exposure Classification System
``` A = NO risk B = No evidence of human risk C = Risk cannot be ruled out D = Positive evidence of risk E = Contraindicated (methotrexate, accutane) ```
49
When does screening for structural abnormalities occur?
Weeks 18-22 | 2nd trimester US
50
What is amelia?
Absence of limbs
51
When is Chorionic Viili Sampling performed?
10-12 weeks | end of first trimester
52
When is Amniocentesis performed?
15 - 20 weeks
53
What does the Notocord do?
Induces overlying ectoderm to form the neural plate, the initial event in the process of neurulation
54
Brain is derived from ...
Ectoderm
55
Epidermis of skin is derived from ...
Ectoderm
56
Spinal Cord is derived from ...
Ectoderm
57
Heart is derived from ...
Mesoderm
58
smooth muscle of intestinal wall is derived from ...
Mesoderm
59
skeletal muscle is derived from ...
Mesoderm
60
intestinal epithelium is derived from ...
Endoderm
61
When does the neural tube close?
Week 6
62
The kidneys are derived from what primary germ layer?
Mesoderm
63
The lungs are derived from what primary germ layer?
Endoderm
64
The intestinal epithelium is derived from what primary germ layer?
Endoderm
65
Which organ starts to differentiate first during development?
Brain
66
Liver is derived from ....
Endoderm
67
When I have rolled my ankle in the past, it has been due to what movement?
Inversion
68
Thumb flat on the table ... now lift up the thumb. What movement is that?
Abduction
69
Order of Speed of Receptors from Fast to Slow
(1) Ion Channel (2) G-Protein (3) Receptors coupled to Enzymes (4) Intracellular

PRIN (13 decks)

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