PrincetonPractice1

Question 1

A child in Piaget’s preoperational stage is given a toy and attempts to eat it. This child is demonstrating

Answer 1

ASSIMILATION

Question 2

Deutch used the “prisoner’s dilemna” to study which social phenomenon?

Answer 2

Cooperation vs. Competition

Question 3

Two major dimensions of personality hypothesized by Hans Eysenck are

Answer 3

Stability and Introversion

Question 4

According to Erik Erikson, a young adult would be most concerned with which issues?

Answer 4

Autonomy

Question 5

Hazel has experienced feelings of worthlessness, low energy and a loss of interest in life for most days of the past 3 years. She would most likely be diagnosed with what?

Answer 5

Dysthymic Disorder

Question 6

The strange situation is used in order to study

Answer 6

INFANT ATTACHMENT

Question 7

Which activity best serves to hold information in short term memory?

Answer 7

REHEARSING

Question 8

Which researcher is most associated with androgyny?

Answer 8

SANDRA BEM

Question 9

social comparison theory has been used as an argument against

Answer 9

Mainstreaming in schools

Question 10

Which phenomena is minimized by group monitoring?

Answer 10

Social Loafing

Question 11

Which method is most commonly used to study selective attention?

Answer 11

shadowing in a dichotic listening task

Question 12

Bottom-up information processing is best described as

Answer 12

Data driven

Question 13

What is the key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Answer 13

Operant condition emphasises the consequences of behaviour, whereas classical conditioning emphasises the association between stimuli.

Question 14

Explain maintenance rehearsal

Answer 14

Maintenance rehearsal keeps material in short-term memory

Question 15

In many jury trials, defence lawyers use the strategy of blaming the victim, so that the accused perpetrator might be set free. People’s tendency to go along with victim blaming can be explained by _

Answer 15

The Just World Bias

Question 16

define “morpheme”

Answer 16

a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming ).

Question 17

According to Piaget, an individual in which stage might demonstrate circular reactions?

Answer 17

Sensorimotor

Question 18

The theory that a child steals candy because he is a thief is an example of a __

Answer 18

Cognitive Bias

Question 19

A pigeon is placed in a “Skinner Box” which is outfitted with a key for pecking and a chute that delivers food. Through shaping, the experimenter plans to condition the bird to peck the key in order to obtain food. The experimenter will need to use ___

Answer 19

Differential Reinforcement

Question 20

According to Craik and Lockhart, which of the following levels of processing would result in the highest recall of information?

Answer 20

Semantic

Question 21

Define Signal Detection Theory

Answer 21

Detection theory or signal detection theory is a means to quantify the ability to discern between information-bearing patterns (called stimulus in humans, signal in machines) and random patterns that distract from the information

Question 22

According to Kohlberg, an individual in a stage of conventional morality would be most concerned with ____

Answer 22

Gaining Approval

Question 23

Kenneth and Mamie Clark’s doll preference studies were used ___

Answer 23

as evidence in the Brown v. The Board of Education trial

Question 24

To motivate himself to study, a student decides that after learning a chapter of material he will treat himself to a movie. In this situation, seeing a movie is acting as a reinforcement for studying. The situation demonstrates _____

Answer 24

The Premack Principle

Question 25

An experimenter wants to train a dg to bark at a red light. The dog naturally barks at a mouse. For countless trials, the experimenter presents the mouse and then a red light. The dog never learns to bark at the red light because _____

Answer 25

They are presented in the wrong order

Question 26

According to Roger Brown, children refine the way they apply grammatical rules through

Answer 26

experiences and self correction

Question 27

According to Freud's developmental theory, a child who is particularly frustrated during a stage of development is likely to experience _____

Answer 27

FIXATION

Question 28

What explains why cartoons are not perceived as a series of still frames?

Answer 28

The Phi Phenomenon

Question 29

A therapist listens to the choices of his client with unconditional positive regard. The goal of this therapy is likely to be _____

Answer 29

Congruence for the self

Question 30

Erikson's developmental theory centred around _____

Answer 30

psychosocial crises

Question 31

What is NOT a maladaptive cognition according to cognitive therapy?

Answer 31

Denying

Question 32

The part of the brain that is connected to the very basic function of simple alertness is the ______

Answer 32

RETICULAR FORMATION

Question 33

What is the modern name for hysteria?

Answer 33

CONVERSION DISORDER

Question 34

Define Overjustification

Answer 34

The over justification effect occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.

Question 35

Who was most inclined towards a situational view of personality?

Answer 35

Walter Mischel

Question 36

The APA was founded by

Answer 36

Stanley Hall

Question 37

Prozac, which is frequently used to treat depression, works because it is a ______

Answer 37

SERATONIN AGONIST

Question 38

Weber's law applies to a specific range intensifies in _____

Answer 38

all of the senses

Question 39

While swimming in the ocean, a woman was stung by several jellyfish. Now the woman refuses to swim at all, even at an indoor pool. Her new fear of swimming can be attributed to ______

Answer 39

Classical Conditioning

Question 40

An individual sternly gives orders in his own home and obediently follows orders at work. This person might score particularly highly on ______

Answer 40

F-Scale

Question 41

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to

Answer 41

attribute the behaviours of others to disposition

Question 42

What therapy would be most appropriate for an individual who suffered from strong feelings of meaninglessness, and who hoped to find more meaning in life?

Answer 42

Existential therapy

Question 43

Which of the following theorists has been recognised for creating a developmental theory that covers the entire lifespan?

Answer 43

Erik Erikson

Question 44

In research on social learning theory, Bandura conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment. Based on this experiment, what did Bandura conclude was important to social learning in children?

Answer 44

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

Question 45

Watson would expect what to most influence child behaviour development?

Answer 45

IMITATION

Question 46

Which is true of the ossicles in the auditory system?

Answer 46

The stapes taps against the oval window.

Question 47

What types of test is used for cued recall?

Answer 47

FILL IN THE BLANK TEST

Question 48

The idea that people will alter their actions or beliefs so that their actions and beliefs are in agreement with one another is the theory of ...

Answer 48

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 49

Who argued that Kohlberg's moral states were not directly applicable to females?

Answer 49

Carol Gilligan

Question 50

define door-in-the-face

Answer 50

The door-in-the-face (DITF) technique is a compliance method commonly studied in social psychology. The persuader attempts to convince the respondent to comply by making a large request that the respondent will most likely turn down, much like a metaphorical slamming of a door in the persuader's face.

Question 51

What is the path of a received "message" through a single neuron?

Answer 51

post synaptic cell > cell body > axon > terminal buttons

Question 52

Behaviour theory would be most useful in treating _____

Answer 52

A CHILDHOOD DISORDER

Question 53

The Whorfian hypothesis posits that

Answer 53

a culture's language structure influences how the speakers perceive reality

Question 54

According to Schachter and Singer, an emotional response would involve which factors in order of appearance?

Answer 54

physiological reaction > cognition > emotion

Question 55

which classical experiment indicated that behavioural traits could be at leat partly determined by heredity?

Answer 55

Tyron's experiment with maze-bright and maze-dull rats

Question 56

Which tests include items that discriminate between groups but that seem lacking in face validity?

Answer 56

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 57

A binocular cue used in depth perception is

Answer 57

DISPARITY

Question 58

Which group of theorists offer stage models of development?

Answer 58

Piaget, Freud & Erikson

Question 59

Which areas in the brain is the "master" of the endocrine system?

Answer 59

PITUITARY GLAND

Question 60

According to Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve, whcih pattern of forgetting is likely to take place after learning new material?

Answer 60

Forgetting happens rapidly at first and then gradually

Question 61

Andrea does not like to go to parties because she knows how people will conduct themselves. She has likely developed what about parties?

Answer 61

A SCRIPT

Question 62

What is a result of diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 62

Tendency for individuals in a large group not to help others

Question 63

Martin Seligman maintains that cognitive training can offset _____

Answer 63

LEARNED HELPLESSNESS

Question 64

What factor has the greatest influence on interpersonal attraction?

Answer 64

PROXIMITY

Question 65

According to Collins and Quillian, individuals decide on the relationship between words by assessing the _____

Answer 65

word's respective locations in semantic hierarchies

Question 66

The idea that over-benefited people tend to feel guilty is explained through ______

Answer 66

EQUITY THEORY

Question 67

An individual with Wernicke's aphasia would have difficulty

Answer 67

creating a logical sentence

Question 68

Learned helplessness is associated with

Answer 68

an external locus of control

Question 69

define Reaction Formation

Answer 69

Reaction formation is a kind of psychological defense mechanism in which a person perceives their true feelings or desires to be socially, or in some cases, legally unacceptable, and so they attempt to convince themselves or others that the opposite is true, often in a very exaggerated performance.

Question 70

Bartlett found that memory is largely _____

Answer 70

RECONSTRUCTIVE

Question 71

Which figure is known for developing field theory?

Answer 71

Lewin

Question 72

Group polarisation is the tendency

Answer 72

for a group to feel strongly about the dominant viewpoint

Question 73

Edward Tolamn's theory of motivation postulated that _____

Answer 73

Performance = expectancy x value

Question 74

Billy is a 2 year old: He is most likely bothered by

Answer 74

separation anxiety and trust anxiety

Question 75

According to Horner, a woman might chose not to work because of

Answer 75

fear of success

Question 76

what most effectively lessens group conflict?

Answer 76

A superordinate goal

Question 77

define animus

Answer 77

hostility or ill feeling

Question 78

the vestibular sacs in the inner ear are essential for

Answer 78

physical balance

Question 79

The Bayley scale for infant development does what?

Answer 79

help to identify mentally retarded infants

Question 80

Who introduced the logical theorist, the first computer model of human problem solving?

Answer 80

Newell & Simon

Question 81

Diana Baumrind found that which parenting style produces the most well-adjusted children?

Answer 81

Authoritative

Question 82

Activity in which system is analysed by lie detector tests?

Answer 82

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 83

If during a chess game a player were to write down all of the possible moves she could make, this set of moves would be an example of

Answer 83

A PROBLEM SPACE

Question 84

An individual is likely to display the most stereotypical sex-typed behaviour during which period?

Answer 84

YOUNG ADULTHOOD

Question 85

What is associated with Jung's analytical therapy?

Answer 85

Dream Analysis

Question 86

How pioneered the concept of the inferiority complex?

Answer 86

Adler

Question 87

In his revised psychoanalytic theory, Freud named what as the central source of conflict?

Answer 87

EROS AND THANOS

Question 88

Which personality characteristic has been most closely linked to heart disease?

Answer 88

Competitiveness