Principle Of Inheritance

Question 1

Factors are what we call ————- today

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

Law of Dominance

Answer 2

i) Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors
ii) Factors occur in pairs
ii) In a similar pair of factors, one number of the pair dominates (dominant) the other recessive.

Only one of the parental characters in a mono hybrid cross in the F1 and the expression of both in the F2

Question 3

Law of segregation

Answer 3

During the gamete formations the factors or allele of a pair segregate from each other, such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors.
Homozygous parents produce similar genes
Heterozygous parents produce two kinds of gametes

Question 4

Test cross and how Mendel used it

Answer 4

Causing of an organism of dominant phenotype to recessive genotype to find the unknown genotype of a character plant.
Mendel conducted a test cross to identify the genotype of F2 generation.

Question 5

Seed shape

Answer 5

RR rr (round and wrinkled)

Question 6

Seed color

Answer 6

YY gg (yellow and green)

Question 7

Flower color

Answer 7

PP and pp (violet and white

Question 8

Pod shape

Answer 8

II and ii (full and constricted

Question 9

Pod color

Answer 9

GG gg (green and yellow)

Question 10

Flower position

Answer 10

AA aa (axial and terminal)

Question 11

Stem height

Answer 11

TT tt (tall and dwarf)

Question 12

F1 is also called

Answer 12

Filial1 progeny

Question 13

Monohybrid cross

Answer 13

A cross involving two plants, differing in one character pair Ex: cross between tall and dwarf plants

Question 14

Formula for monohybrid genotype

Answer 14

(ax + by)^2

Question 16

Genetics

Answer 16

Study of inheritance, heredity variation of characters, or the study of chromosomes and genes

Question 17

Inheritance

Answer 17

Transmission of characters from parents to progeny. It is the basis of heredity

Question 18

Variation

Answer 18

Degree of difference between parents and offspring

Question 19

Trait

Answer 19

Variant of a character Ex: blue eyes, brown eyes

Question 20

Allele

Answer 20

Alternative forms of a gene ex: Tall (T) short (t) for height

Question 21

Homozygous

Answer 21

The condition in which a chromosome pair carries a similar alleles of a gene.

Question 22

Heterozygous

Answer 22

The condition where a chromosome pair carries dissimilar alleles of a Gene.

Question 23

Dominant character

Answer 23

The character which is expressed in heterozygous condition. It is indicated with a capital letter. It is indicated with a capital letter.

Question 24

Recessive character

Answer 24

The character which is suppressed in heterozygous condition and fails to express itself in the F1 generation It is indicated with a small letter.

Question 25

Phenotype and genotype

Answer 25

Phenotype is the physical expression of a character. Do you know what type is the genetic constitution of a character

Question 26

Hybrid

Answer 26

Individual produced by the mating of genetically unlike parents

Question 27

Steps in making cross pollination

Answer 27

• Selection of 2 pea plants with contrasting characters. • Emasculation: Removal of anthers of one plant to avoid self-pollination. This is the female parent. • Pollination: Collection of pollen grains from the male parent and transferring to the female parent. • Collection & germination of seeds to produce offspring.

Question 28

Unmodified allele

Answer 28

Generally dominant and represses original phenotype

Question 29

Modified allele

Answer 29

Generally recessive

Question 30

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 30

Inheritance in which some traits are controlled by several genes. Eg. human skin color, human height