Principles of ANA

Question 1

what types of open wounds do you get?

Answer 1

incised, laceration, puncture, abrasion

Question 2

what are 2 types that wounds can be classed at?

Answer 2

open & closed

Question 3

3 main pressure points?

Answer 3

brachial artery(upper forelimb) femoral artery (upper hindlimb) coccygeal artery (tail)

Question 4

how to control haemorrhage?

Answer 4

direct digital placement, pressure points, torquiest, pressure bandage

Question 5

what are the 2 types of haemorrhage?

Answer 5

external & internal

Question 6

what is the first aid treatment for shock?

Answer 6

warm them up, elevate hindlimb, control haemorrhage reduce stress, monitor vital signs, get vet help

Question 7

what are 4 clinical signs of shock?

Answer 7

pale mucus membrane, prolonged crt, rapid shallow breaths, cold limbs, dilated pupils, collapsed, dull

Question 8

what are 3 different types of shock?

Answer 8

impending shock, establishes shock, irreversible shock

Question 9

reasons why an animal might go in to shock?

Answer 9

blood loss, trauma injuries, pain, heart disease, infections

Question 10

what is shock?

Answer 10

state of acute circulation collapse where the circulation is unable to transport sufficient oxygen to meet the tissues needs

Question 11

what are your abc’s?

Answer 11

airways breathing circulation

Question 12

how to access a patient’s circulation?

Answer 12

palpate the heart, check for pulse, check mucus membrane colour, if no pulse begin CPR

Question 13

how to access patient breathing?

Answer 13

observe chest movement, palpate chest to feel for movement, check to see breath with object eg, mirror hair, if not breathing start artificial respiration

Question 14

how to access patients airways?

Answer 14

clear airways, check for obstructions, extent neck & pull tongue forward, remove collar & harness

Question 15

what can class as a minor injury?

Answer 15

minor burns, stings, diarrhoea, minor foreign bodies

Question 16

what can class as a serious?

Answer 16

unconscious, spinal injury, injury to eye, wounds

Question 17

what can class as life threatening?

Answer 17

cardiac arrest, airway obstruction, severe burns severe dehydration

Question 18

what are the 3 triage groups?

Answer 18

minor, serious, life threatening

Question 19

how to access the situation?

Answer 19

access the risks to you
access the casualty
contact vet
access injury

Question 20

what are the 4 rules of first aid?

Answer 20

don’t panic, check vital signs eg breathing, continue to monitor vital signs, control haemorrhage, contact vet

Question 21

what are the 3 first aid aims?

Answer 21

preserve life, prevent suffering, prevent situation from deteriorating

Question 22

character of abrasion wound?

Answer 22

dragging or friction injury causing removal of skin, doesn’t cut through full of skins thickness

Question 23

characteristics of a puncture wound?

Answer 23

deep and narrow, eg bite mark

Question 24

characteristics of a laceration?

Answer 24

torn wound caused by blunt objects, irregular shape, little bleeding, high infection risk

Question 25

characteristics of an incised wound?

Answer 25

clean sliced by something sharp, clean edges

Question 26

first aid for electrocution?

Answer 26

remove electrical source without touching can use dry wooden spoon, check airways & heartbeat, if no heartbeat start cardiac arrest, check burns & treat, monitor and get to vet asap

Question 27

first aid for oil/ burn?

Answer 27

remove fat, use paper towel to remove excess, apply lukewarm water and detergent, continue to cool

Question 28

what is a scald?

Answer 28

destruction of tissues by moist heat eg boiling water

Question 29

what is a burn?

Answer 29

destruction of tissue by extreme localisation eg dry heat or extreme cold heat

Question 30

what are the 2 types of wounds you get?

Answer 30

contusion and haematoma

Question 31

how to take a dogs tempt?

Answer 31

wash hands and wear correct PPE, get someone to restrain, make sure thermometer is working, place lube on thermometer, slowly put in back end and twist, take tempt, record the tempt, disinfect, praise dog

Question 32

describe the term triage?

Answer 32

the order of seeing patients depending of how severe

Question 33

how many chest compressions & rescue breaths should you do?

Answer 33

120 compressions & 2 rescue breaths

Question 34

what side is the preferred side for CPR?

Answer 34

right lateral recumbency

Question 35

what can an ANA do in terms of first aid?

Answer 35

anything a lay person can do

Question 36

normal pulse for a dog?

Answer 36

70- 140 bpm

Question 37

normal pulse for a cat?

Answer 37

100-200 bpm

Question 38

temperature for a dog?

Answer 38

38.3 - 39.2

Question 39

temperature for a cat?

Answer 39

38.2 - 28.6

Question 40

first aid for hypothermia?

Answer 40

warm environment, if wet towel dry, insulate, plenty of blankets

Question 41

signs of hyperthermia?

Answer 41

lethargic, sleepy, weak movement, cold to touch, slow heart rate, coma, death

Question 42

first air treatment for hyperthermia?

Answer 42

remove from environment, stand in cold water, soak coat with cold skin, apply cold towels to neck, take tempt every 5 min, dry the animal, monitor vital signs

Question 43

signs of hyperthermia?

Answer 43

distress, excessive panting, restlessness, unsteady on feet, high body tempt

Question 44

what is poison?

Answer 44

a substance that enters body in sufficient amount that causes harmful effects

Question 45

what is a sprain?

Answer 45

stretch of ligament

Question 46

what is a strain?

Answer 46

overstitching of muscle of tendon

Question 47

what is the first aid for a fracture?

Answer 47

stop bleeding, clean & cover wound, stop from moving, apply splint if possible, lots of comfort, muzzle

Question 48

signs of a fracture?

Answer 48

shock, pain, loss of use of limb, swelling & bruising, deformity of limb

Question 49

types of fracture?

Answer 49

transverse, oblique, spinal, arulsed, greenstick, multiple

Question 50

bandage aftercare?

Answer 50

keep clean, dog boot, keep dry, changer every few days more if smelly or dirty, monitor closely

Question 51

types of bandages?

Answer 51

non adhesive, non comforming, conferming, adhesive

Question 52

what is a contusion?

Answer 52

a blow by blunt instrument causing rupture of blood vessels in the skin to soft tissue/ a bruise

Question 53

what is a haematoma?

Answer 53

rupture of blood vessel under skin causing pocket of blood

Question 54

what does ataxia mean?

Answer 54

loss of co ordination

Question 55

what is epistaxis?

Answer 55

nose bleed

Question 56

what is crepitus?

Answer 56

creaking of bones

Question 57

what act specifies who can preform treatments on animals?

Answer 57

veterinary surgeons act of 1966

Question 58

what health & safety is relevant to lifting and handling?

Answer 58

manual handling regulations 1992

Question 59

what is cheyne stokes?

Answer 59

short shallow breaths then a break then one breath, happens when an animal dies