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Antimicrobial Therapy > Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy > Flashcards

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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2
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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3
Q

Carbapenems MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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4
Q

Monobactams MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibitings PBPs

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases

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6
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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7
Q

Ketolides MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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8
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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9
Q

Vancomycin MOA

Dalbavacin MOA

A

Inhibits 2nd stage of cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors

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10
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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11
Q

Linezolid MOA

Tedizolid MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit near 30S interface

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12
Q

Daptomycin MOA

A

Causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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13
Q

Telavancin MOA

Oritavacin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors AND causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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14
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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15
Q

Glycylcyclines MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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16
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MOA

A

Sequential inhibition of microbial folic acid synthesis pathway by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase

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17
Q

Polymyxins MOA

A

Binds to phospholipids in cell membrane causing displacement of Ca and Mg which leads to changes in cell wall permeability and leakage of cellular contents

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18
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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19
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Prodrug activated by ferrdoxins whose activated metabolites damage bacterial DNA

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20
Q

Penicillins MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production
  2. Altered PBPs
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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21
Q

Cephalosporins MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production
  2. Altered PBPs
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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22
Q

Carbapenems MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production
  2. Altered PBPs
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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23
Q

Monobactams MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production

2. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane

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24
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOR

A
  1. Mutation in genes that code for DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (change in binding site)
  2. Efflux
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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25
Macrolides MOR
1. Efflux | 2. Change in ribosomal binding site
26
Ketolides MOR
1. Change in ribosomal binding site
27
Aminoglycosides MOR
1. Altered aminoglycoside uptake 2. Synthesis of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes 3. Alteration in ribosomal binding sites (strepto)
28
Vancomycin MOR | Dalbavancin MOR
1. Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site
29
Quinupristin-dalfopristin MOR
1. Alteration in ribosomal binding site
30
Linezolid MOR | Tedizolid MOR
1. Alteration in ribosomal binding site (rare)
31
Daptomycin MOR
1. Altered cell membrane binding through loss of membrane protein
32
Telavancin MOR | Oritavancin MOR
1. Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine site
33
Tetracyclines MOR
1. Tetracycline-specific efflux pumps 2. Ribosomal protection proteins 3. Enzymatic inactivation
34
Glycylcyclines
1. Multidrug efflux pump
35
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MOR
1. Mutation in dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthase
36
Polymyxins MOR
1. Alteration in outer cell membrane (reduction in calcium, magnesium, lipopolysaccharide content and/or outer membrane proteins)
37
Clindamycin MOR
1. Alteration in ribosomal binding site
38
Metronidazole MOR
1. Altered growth requirements | 2. Reduced transcription of ferredoxin gene
39
Pencillins cidal or static?
bactericidal
40
Cephalosporins cidal or static
bactericidal
41
Carbapenems cidal or static?
bactericidal
42
Monobactams cidal or static?
bactericidal
43
Fluoroquinolones cidal or static?
bactericidal
44
Macrolides cidal or static?
bacteriostatic
45
Ketolides cidal or static?
bacteriostatic
46
Aminoglycosides cidal or static?
bactericidal
47
Vancomycin cidal or static? | Dalbavancin cidal or static?
bactericidal
48
Quinupristin-dalfopristin cidal or static?
bacteriostatic
49
Linezolid cidal or static? | Tedizolid cidal or static?
bacteriostatic
50
Daptomycin cidal or static?
bactericidal
51
Telavancin cidal or static? | Oritavancin cidal or static?
bactericidal
52
Tetracyclines cidal or static?
bacteriostatic
53
Glycylcyclines cidal or static?
bacteriostatic
54
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cidal or static?
bactericidal
55
Polymyxins cidal or static?
bactericidal
56
Clindamycin cidal or static?
bacteriostatic
57
Metronidazole cidal or static?
bactericidal
58
Penicillins time or concentration dependent
Time
59
Cephalosporins time or concentration dependent
Time
60
Carbapenems time or concentration dependent
Time
61
Monobactams time or concentration dependent
Time
62
Fluoroquinolones time or concentration dependent
Concentration
63
Macrolides time or concentration dependent
Time (azithromycin may be concentration dependent vs some organisms)
64
Ketolides time or concentration dependent
Concentration
65
Aminoglycosides time or concentration dependent
Concentration
66
Vancomycin time or concentration dependent | Dalbavancin time or concentration dependent
Time
67
Quinupristin-dalfopristin time or concentration dependent
Time
68
Linezolid time or concentration dependent | Tedizolid time or concentration dependent
Time for Linezolid | Concentration for Tedizolid
69
Daptomycin time or concentration dependent
Concentration
70
Telavancin time or concentration dependent | Oritavancin time or concentration dependent
Concentration
71
Tetracyclines time or concentration dependent
Time
72
Glycylcyclines time or concentration dependent
Time
73
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole time or concentration dependent
Time
74
Polymyxins time or concentration dependent
Concentration
75
Clindamycin time or concentration dependent
Time
76
Metronidazole time or concentration dependent
Concentration

Antimicrobial Therapy (1 decks)

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