Principles of antimicrobials

Question 1

Polymixins are effective against __. Give MOA

Answer 1

Gram negative bacteria by disrupting the permeability of outer membrane and cytoplasmic membranes

Question 2

Daptomycin are effective againts ___ by ___ (MOA)

Answer 2

Gram positive bacteria. Forms a channel that causes depolarization of the membrane by efflux of intracellular ions

Question 3

Chloramphenicol is inactivated by __ (mechanism of inactivation)

Answer 3

Acetylation by chromalphenicol acetyltransferase

Question 4

Treatment for gonococcal opthalmia

Answer 4

1% silver nitrate or erythromycin

Question 5

Give mechanism of and mode of action: Beta lactams

Answer 5

Mechanism: Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Mode: Microbicidal

Question 6

Give mechanism of action: Bacitracin

Answer 6

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. By interfering with dephosphorylation in cycling of lipid carrier that transfers peptidoglycan

Question 7

Give mechanism of action: Cycloserine

Answer 7

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

Question 8

Give mechanism and mode of action: Vancoymycin

Answer 8

Mechanism: Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Binds to the D-Ala-Dala terminues of peptidoglycan. This inhibits translgycosylase, to prevent further elongation of peptidoglycan and cross-linking. Mode: microbicidal

Question 9

Give mechanism of action: Imidazoles

Answer 9

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

Question 10

Give mechanism and mode of action: Macrolides

Answer 10

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic

Question 11

Give mechanism and mode of action: Chloramphenicol

Answer 11

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic

Question 12

Give mechanism of action: Fusidic Acid

Answer 12

Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit

Question 13

Give mechanism and mode of action: Lincosamides

Answer 13

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit. Mode: microbiostatic

Question 14

Give mechanism of action: Oxazilidinones

Answer 14

Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 50s subunit

Question 15

Give mechanism and mode of action: Aminoglycosides

Answer 15

Mechanism: Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 30s subunit. Mode: microbicidal

Question 16

Give mechanism of action: Tetracycline

Answer 16

Inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis at the 30s subunit

Question 17

Give mechanism and mode of action: Quinolones

Answer 17

Mechanism: Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis. Mode: microbicidal

Question 18

Give mechanism and mode of action: Rifampicin

Answer 18

Mechanism: Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis. Mode: microbicidal

Question 19

Give mechanism and mode of action: Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 19

Mechanism: Inhibits folic acid synthesis (metabolites). Mode: Microbiostatic

Question 20

Give mechanism of action: Ziduvudine

Answer 20

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

Question 21

Give mechanism of action: Ganciclovir

Answer 21

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

Question 22

Give mechanism of action: Acyclovir

Answer 22

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

Question 23

Give mechanism of action: Vidarabine

Answer 23

Nucleic acid analog which binds to the structure that will form the DNA, but will not be coded correctly because it is a false nucleic acid

Question 24

Why do you not give static agents in immunocompromised patients?

Answer 24

Microbiostatic agents only inhibit the growth of bacteria. The normal immune mechanisms is needed to eradicate the bacteria.

Question 25

Spectrum of activity: Penicillin G

Answer 25

Narrow spectrum: gram positives

Question 26

Spectrum of activity: Vancomycin

Answer 26

Narrow spectrum: gram positives

Question 27

Spectrum of activity: 3rd Generation Cephalosporin

Answer 27

Narrow Spectrum: gram negatives

Question 28

Spectrum of activity: Aminopenicillins

Answer 28

Broad Spectrum

Question 29

Spectrum of activity: Chloramphenicol

Answer 29

Broad Spectrum

Question 30

Spectrum of activity: Tetracyclines

Answer 30

Broad Spectrum

Question 31

Spectrum of activity: 2nd generation cephalosporins

Answer 31

Broad Spectrum

Question 32

Spectrum of activity: Imipenem

Answer 32

Broad Spectrum

Question 33

Adverse effect potential: Aminoglycosides

Answer 33

Neprotoxic, Ototoxic, Neurotoxic

Question 34

Adverse effect potential: Macrolides

Answer 34

Ototoxic

Question 35

Adverse effect potential: Vancomycin

Answer 35

Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic

Question 36

Adverse effect potential: Tetracycline

Answer 36

Nephrotoxic, Hepatotoxic

Question 37

Adverse effect potential: Rifampicin

Answer 37

Hepatotoxic

Question 38

Adverse effect potential: Pyrazinamide

Answer 38

Hepatotoxic, hyperuricemic

Question 39

Adverse effect potential: Isoniazid

Answer 39

Hepatotoxic, peripheral neuropathy

Question 40

Adverse effect potential: Beta lactams

Answer 40

Hypersensitivity, neurotoxic

Question 41

Adverse effect potential: Sulfonamides

Answer 41

Hypersensitivity, Hematologic toxicity

Question 42

Adverse effect potential: Streptomycin

Answer 42

Nephortoxic, ototoxic

Question 43

Enumerate drugs contraindicated in G6PD deficiency

Answer 43

Quinonolones, sulfonamides and sulfones, Chloramphenicol, Chloroquines, Furazolidone, Proguanil, Diaminopyrimidines

Question 44

Adverse effect potential: Erythromycin estolate

Answer 44

HIGH Hepatotoxic potential