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PMLS 1 > PRINCIPLES OF BIOHAZARD AND BIOSAFETY > Flashcards

PRINCIPLES OF BIOHAZARD AND BIOSAFETY Flashcards

1
Q

Prescribed by the DOH Administrative

A

Order No. 2007-0027

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2
Q

Order No. 2007-0027, also known as

A

“Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the Licensure and Regulation of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines

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3
Q

anything in the environment that has the potential to cause harm

A

Hazards

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3
Q

establishment of biosafety and biosecurity manual in a clinical laboratory creates a safe work environment.

A

Order No. 2007-0027

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4
Q

the possibility that something bad or unpleasant (such as an injury or loss) will happen

A

risk

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5
Q

oftentimes characterized by presence of hazards

A

workplaces

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6
Q

It was enacted by the US congress in 1970 and has widely been used as a basis by many countries internationally to
come up with their own regulations concerning safety in the workplace.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

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6
Q

aims to provide all employees (clinical laboratory personnel included) a safe work environment.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

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7
Q

the governing body responsible for ensuring and monitoring the implementation of the standards set by the above-mentioned act.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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8
Q

authorized to conduct on-site inspections to determine whether an employer is complying with the mandatory standards.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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9
Q

The clinical laboratory exposes its workers to a variety of hazards, some of which are seen in other workplaces.(true or false)

A

false

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10
Q

7 LABORATORY HAZARDS

A

Biohazard,Chemical Hazard,Fire Hazard,Electrical Hazard,Physical Hazard,Sharps Hazard,Ergonomic Hazard

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11
Q

include all pathogen or disease-causing microorganisms. These microorganisms are frequently present in the specimens that are processed in the clinical laboratory.

A

Biohazard

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12
Q

illustrates how pathogens are transmitted. Understanding the chain of infection is essential for one to identify measures that will prevent infection.

A

The chain of infection

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13
Q

The disease-causing microorganism

A

INFECTIOUS AGENT / PATHOGENRESERVOIR

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14
Q

Animate/ inanimate object where the infectious agent is found normally living

A

RESERVOIR

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15
Q

include human reservoir (infected patient), animal reservoir, and inanimate reservoir

A

RESERVOIR

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16
Q

Routes and means utilized by the microorganism to escape from the reservoir

A

PORTAL OF EXIT

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17
Q

Method of conduction from the reservoir to the susceptible host

A

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

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18
Q

Involves actual contact/ close proximity of the infected individual and the susceptible host

A

Direct contact

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19
Q

“Mother-to-baby” transmission

A

Vertical Transmission

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20
Q

Transfer of infectious agent happens BEFORE birth usually by crossing the placenta

A

Prenatal/ Transplacental Transmission

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21
Q

Transmission from a person to another person within a group; No specificity when it comes to the involved hosts

A

Horizontal Transmission

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22
Q

Transfer happens during passage through the birth canal

A

Perinatal Transmission

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23
Q

Includes Transmission by Fomites

A

Indirect contact

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24
Q

Non-living object that may transmit an infectious disease (Examples include tissues, handkerchiefs, towels, doorknobs, bedding, etc. )

A

Fomites

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25
Q

Respiratory particles of moisture containing an infectious Agent and Typically expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing, and even by talking

A

Droplets

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26
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE )Usually have a diameter of >5 micrometers and capable only of traveling short distances (<1 meter)

A

False

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27
Q

Pathogen is spread through

A

droplet nuclei

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28
Q

remnants after evaporation of droplets

A

Airborne Transmission

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29
Q

Transfer of infectious agents by an inanimate medium (soil, water, food)

A

Common Vehicle Transmission

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30
Q

Pathogens are spread by contaminated water, usually with untreated or poorly treated sewage

A

Waterborne transmission

31
Q

transmitted via this route include cholera and leptospirosis

A

Waterborne transmission

32
Q

The pathogens usually develop in soil and is subsequently acquired by the susceptible host from the soil

A

Soil-borne transmission

33
Q

transmitted via this route include Hookworm infection and Ascariasis

A

Soil-borne transmission

34
Q

Pathogens are transmitted in foods that are incompletely cooked, poorly refrigerated, or prepared under unsanitary conditions

A

Foodborne transmission

35
Q

transmitted via this route include tapeworm infection

A

Foodborne transmission

36
Q

Invertebrates capable of harbouring infectious agent

A

Vector-Borne Transmission

37
Q

Utilizes mechanical vectors

A

Mechanical transmission

38
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE)The infectious agent WILL develop while being transported by the vector

A

False

39
Q

Utilizes biological vectors

A

Biological transmission

40
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE)The infectious agent WILL develop while being transported by the vector

A

True

41
Q

Routes through which the pathogen enter the host

A

PORTAL OF ENTRY

42
Q

enters the host via the gastrointestinal tract

A

cholerae

43
Q

if an adequate amount of the causative agent, Vibrio cholerae, enters the host via the gastrointestinal tract

A

Development of cholera

44
Q

if Vibrio cholerae enters the host via the respiratory tract

A

Non-development of cholera

45
Q

has three components which makes it significantly different from the 6-part model that was discussed earlier.

A

CHAIN OF INFECTION

46
Q

has four circles and is universally adapted to warn about the existence of biological hazards.

A

biohazard symbol

47
Q

Not known to consistently cause diseases in healthy adults

A

Biosafety Level 1 Agent

48
Q

Relatively common agents that are associated with human disease and Routes of transmission include percutaneous injury, ingestion, and mucous membrane exposure

A

Biosafety Level 2 Agent

49
Q

Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium gordonae

A

Biosafety Level 1 Agent

50
Q

Dangerous or exotic agents which post high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections that are frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments

A

Biosafety Level 4 Agent

50
Q

Escherichia coli, Hepatitis B virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Influenza virus

A

Biosafety Level 2 Agent

51
Q

Indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease through inhalation route of exposure

A

Biosafety Level 3 Agent

52
Q

Ebola virus, Lassa virus, Viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers

A

Biosafety Level 4 Agent

53
Q

The risk group classification is utilized by both the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

A

Risk Group Classification

54
Q

Agents not associated with disease in healthy adult humans

A

Risk Group 1

55
Q

A microorganism unlikely to cause human or animal disease.

A

No or low individual and community risk

56
Q

Agents associated with human disease that is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available.

A

Risk Group 2

57
Q

A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment.

A

Moderate individual risk; low community risk

58
Q

Agents associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available
(high individual risk but low community risk).

A

Risk Group 3

59
Q

Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited.

A

Moderate individual risk; low community risk

60
Q

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available

A

High individual risk; low community risk

61
Q

Agents likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available (high individual risk and high community risk).

A

Risk Group 4

62
Q

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available

A

High individual and community risk

63
Q

“Containment principles, technologies, and practices that are implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens or toxins, or their accidental release”

A

Biosafety

64
Q

“The protection, control, and accountability for valuable biological materials within the laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft , misuse, diversion, or intentional release”

A

Biosecurity

65
Q

Mandates that personnel should treat all blood and blood-contaminated samples as potentially infectious

A

Universal Precautions (UP)

66
Q

(TRUE OF FALSE)Universal Precautions did not treat other bodily fluids that are visibly contaminated with blood as potentially infectious

A

False

66
Q

Universal Precautions did not treat other bodily fluids that are not visibly contaminated with blood as potentially infectious

A

Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

67
Q

Did not recommend hand washing following removal of gloves unless visual contamination is present

A

Main flaw

68
Q

Combined major features of universal precautions and body substance isolation

A

Standard Precautions (SP)

69
Q

Most commonly implemented by clinical laboratories

A

Standard Precautions (SP)

70
Q

include proper hand washing, utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE), and preventing exposure to potentially infectious aerosols/ droplets

A

Essentials

71
Q

Single most effective way of controlling the spread of infectious diseases

A

PROPER HAND WASHING

72
Q

According to WHO guidelines, rubbing of hands should last for AT LEAST

A

20 SECONDS

73
Q

Proper duration of hand-rubbing is approximately equal to the duration of singing

A

2 HAPPY BIRTHDAY SONGS

74
Q

Protective clothing, helmets and other garments designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or infection

A

UTILIZATION OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

75
Q

Device that encloses a workplace in such a way that protects the workers from exposure to aerosols that may potentially contain infectious disease agents

A

BIOSAFETY CABINETS (BSC)

PMLS 1 (2 decks)

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