Principles of Biomedical Sciences

Question 1

Biomedical Science

Answer 1

The application of Biology and Physiology to clinical medicine.

Question 2

Control Group

Answer 2

The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.

Question 3

Dependent Variable

Answer 3

The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

A research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.

Question 5

Forensic Science

Answer 5

The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law.

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

Clear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment

Question 7

Independent Variable

Answer 7

The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher.

Question 8

Negative Control

Answer 8

Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.

Question 9

Personal Protective Equipment

Answer 9

Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA).

Question 10

Positive Control

Answer 10

Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.

Question 11

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 11

DNA is found inside of a cell, in the nucleus and in the chromosome strands.

Question 12

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 12

The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.

Question 13

Homeostasis

Answer 13

The maintenance of relatively stable environment.

Question 14

Negative Feedback

Answer 14

It triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.

Question 15

Positive Feedback

Answer 15

This type of feedback tends to magnify a process or increase the output.

Question 16

Hormone

Answer 16

Circulates in the blood and produces an effect on the activity of a cell.

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

A hormone secreted in the pancreas and is essential for the regulation of the glucose levels in the blood.

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

Hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raise blood glucose levels.

Question 19

Glucose Tolerance Test

Answer 19

A test that determines the glucose level in your blood or urine which can detect diabetes.

Question 20

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 20

Develops during childhood or adolescence caused by the deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.

Question 21

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 21

Develops during adulthood and most often obese individuals caused by high glucose levels resulting from impaired insulin utilization or the body’s inability to compensate.

Question 22

Hyperglycemia

Answer 22

An excess of glucose in the blood.

Question 23

Hypoglycemia

Answer 23

Deficiency of glucose in the blood.

Question 24

Hyperglycemia A1c

Answer 24

A test that measures the level of hemoglobin A1c in the blood as a means of determining the average blood sugar concentrations for the preceding two to three months.

Question 25

Solution

Answer 25

A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 26

Solvent

Answer 26

The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known.

Question 27

Solute

Answer 27

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Question 28

Isotonic

Answer 28

Having the same solute concentration as another solution.

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a greater solute concentration

Question 30

Hypotonic

Answer 30

In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a lower solute concentration.

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 32

Aorta

Answer 32

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

Question 33

Aortic Valve

Answer 33

The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

Question 34

Artery

Answer 34

Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.

Question 35

Atrium

Answer 35

An anatomical cavity or passage; especially a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles.

Question 36

Cardiovascular System

Answer 36

The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Question 37

Cell

Answer 37

The smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently.

Question 38

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 38

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

Question 39

Mital Valve

Answer 39

A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium. Alternative name is bicuspid valve.

Question 40

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 40

The passage of venous blood from the right atrium of the heart through the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it is oxygenated and its return via the pulmonary veins to enter the left atrium and participate in systemic circulation.

Question 41

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 41

A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.

Question 42

Systematic Circulation

Answer 42

The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins.

Question 43

Tissue

Answer 43

An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.

Question 44

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 44

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps.

Question 45

Valve

Answer 45

A body structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice, or permits movement of fluid in only one direction.

Question 46

Vein

Answer 46

A vessel that returns blood to the heart.

Question 47

Heart Rate

Answer 47

A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute.

Question 48

Blood Pressure

Answer 48

Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels, especially arteries, usually measured by means of a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury.

Question 49

Systolic Pressure`

Answer 49

The pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole.

Question 50

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 50

Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.

Question 51

Sphygmomanometer

Answer 51

An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.

Question 52

Hypertension

Answer 52

An abnormally high blood pressure.

Question 53

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

Answer 53

A measurement of heart electrical activity

Question 54

Pulse

Answer 54

The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction; can be felt from the outside of the body.

Question 55

Cardiology

Answer 55

The study of the heart and its action and diseases.