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Biomedical Sciences > Principles of Biomedical Sciences > Flashcards

Principles of Biomedical Sciences Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Heart Rate?

A

A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute.

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2
Q

What is Blood Pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels, especially arteries, usually measured by means of a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury.

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3
Q

What is Systolic Pressure?

A

The pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole.

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4
Q

What is Diastolic Pressure?

A

Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.

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5
Q

What is a Sphygmomanometer?

A

An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.

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6
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

An abnormally high blood pressure.

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7
Q

What is an Electrocardiogram (EKG)?

A

A measurement of heart electrical activity.

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8
Q

What is a Pulse?

A

The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction; can be felt from the outside of the body.

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9
Q

What is Cardiology?

A

The study of the heart and its action and diseases.

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10
Q

What is an Aorta?

A

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

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11
Q

What is an Aortic Valve?

A

The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

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12
Q

What is an Artery?

A

Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.

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13
Q

What is an Atrium?

A

An anatomical cavity or passage; especially a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles.

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14
Q

What is the Cardiovascular System?

A

The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

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15
Q

What is a Cell?

A

The smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently.

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16
Q

.What is an Inferior Vena Cava?

A

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

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17
Q

What is a Mitral Valve?

A

A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium. Alternative name is bicuspid valve.

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18
Q

What is Pulmonary Circulation?

A

The passage of venous blood from the right atrium of the heart through the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it is oxygenated and its return via the pulmonary veins to enter the left atrium and participate in systemic circulation.

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19
Q

What is a Superior Vena Cava?

A

A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.

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20
Q

What is Systemic Circulation?

A

The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins.

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21
Q

What is a Tissue?

A

An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.

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22
Q

What is a Tricuspid Valve?

A

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps.

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23
Q

What is a Valve?

A

A body structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice, or permits movement of fluid in only one direction.

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24
Q

What is a Vein?

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A

A vessel that returns blood to the heart.

25
What is Homeostasis?
The maitenence of relatively stable internal environments.
26
What is negative feedback?
A primary mechanism of homeostasis that triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
27
What is positive feedback?
Feedback that tends to magnify a process.
28
What is a Hormone?
A product that circulates in blood and produces an effect on the activity of cells.
29
What is Insulin?
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood.
30
What is Glucagon?
A hormone secreted by the pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels.
31
What is a Glucose Tolerance Test?
A test for the determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine. It is used to detect diabetes.
32
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes develops during childhood or adolescence that is caused because of deficiancy of insulin, leading to high glucose levels.
33
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Diabetes that develop most often in adults and obese individuals that have high blood glucose from impaired insulin utilization and/or the body's inability to compensate insulin.
34
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)?
A double-stranded molecule found in the nucleus of a cell that can affect a person's physical appearance. (Ex: hair color, eye color, skin color, etc.)
35
What is a Nucleotide?
Consists of a phosphate, sugar, and base that are all connected together.
36
What is a Gene?
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
37
What is a Chromosome?
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
38
What is Biomedical Sciences?
The application of Biology and Physiology to clinical medicine.
39
What is a Dependent Variable?
The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.
40
What is an Experiment?
A research conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.
41
What is Forensic Science?
The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law.
42
What is a Hypothesis?
Clear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment.
43
What is an Independent Variable?
The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher.
44
What is a Control Group?
The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.
45
What is Negative Control?
Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.
46
What is Personal Protective Equipment?
Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protections against infectious materials.
47
What is Positive Control?
A group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.
48
What is Adenine?
A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain co-enzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
49
What is Cytosine?
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
50
What is Gel Electrophoresis?
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
51
What is a Guanine?
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
52
What is a helix?
Something spiral in form.
53
What is a model?
A simplified version of something complex used, for example to analyze and solve problems or make predictions.
54
What is a Restriction Enzyme?
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
55
What is are Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)?
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
56
What is a Thymine?
A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
57
What is an Autopsy?
An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death
58
What is a Health Insurance Portability and Accountibility Act (HIPAA)?
A comprehensive set of standards and practices designed to give patients specific rights regarding their personal health information.
59
What is a Medical Examiner?
A physician who performs an autopsy when death may be accidental or violent. He or she may also serve in some jurisdictions as the coroner.

Biomedical Sciences (2 decks)

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