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Chemistry > Principles of chemistry (topic 1) > Flashcards

Principles of chemistry (topic 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

smallest part of an element

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2
Q

Atomic nucleus

A

composed of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting it

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus

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4
Q

Chromatography

A

process used to separate out substances in a mixture

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5
Q

Compound

A

substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms chemically combined together

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6
Q

Conductor

A

material that contains charged particles to carry electrical or thermal energy

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7
Q

Covalent bond

A

shared pair of electrons between 2 non - metals

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8
Q

Crystallisation

A

separation technique to obtain soluble solids from solutions

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9
Q

Diamond

A

giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms which for 4 covalent bonds with 4 other carbon atoms

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10
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle which orbits the nucleus

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11
Q

Electron shell

A

different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons

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12
Q

Electrostatic forces

A

strong forces of attraction between positively charged ions

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13
Q

Element

A

substance made up of only 1 type of atom

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14
Q

Empirical formula

A

simple whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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15
Q

Filteration

A

separation technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a solution

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16
Q

Fractional distillation

A

process used to separate a mixture of liquids using their different boiling points

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17
Q

Fullerenes

A

molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

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18
Q

Gas

A

state of matter where particles have the most energy and particles move freely and randomly

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19
Q

Giant covalent structure

A

molecular substance containing many atoms covalently bonded together

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20
Q

Graphite

A

giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each forming 3 covalent bonds with 3 carbon atoms

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21
Q

Group

A

column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties

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22
Q

Inert

A

unreactive. Noble gases are inert

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23
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

forces which exist between molecules

24
Q

Ion

A

atom or molecule with an electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons

25
Q

Ionic bond

A

bond formed between the oppositely charged ions, between a metal and non - metal

26
Q

Isotope

A

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

27
Q

Lattice

A

repeating regular arrangement of atoms / ions / molecules

28
Q

Liquid

A

state of matter where particles are able to move past each other

29
Q

Metals

A

elements that react to form positive ions found in the left bottoms of the periodic table

30
Q

Mixture

A

contains at least 2 different elements or compounds not chemically bonded together

31
Q

Mobile phase

A

fluid which moves through the chromatography system carrying the mixture

32
Q

Mole

A

standard unit of measuring amount of chemicals

33
Q

Molecular formula

A

actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

34
Q

Molecule

A

group of at least 2 atoms held together by covalent bonds

35
Q

Noble gas

A

elements in group 0 have a full outer shell of electrons making them very unreactive

36
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atoms with a atomic relative mass of 1

37
Q

Non - metals

A

elements that react to form negative ions found towards the right top of the periodic table

38
Q

Oxidation

A

reaction involving gain of oxygen and loss of electrons

39
Q

Paper chromatography

A

type of chromatography which uses paper as the stationary phase and a solvent as the mobile phase

40
Q

Percentage yield

A

percentage ratio of the actual product formed compared to the theoretical yield

41
Q

Period

A

row of the periodic table elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells

42
Q

Proton

A

positivity charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of an atoms relative mass of 1

43
Q

Pure substance

A

substance which only contains 1 element or compound which have fixed melting and boiling points

44
Q

Reduction

A

reaction involving loss of oxygen and gain of electron

45
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

sum of the relative masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula

46
Q

Rf value

A

value used in chromatography

47
Q

Saturated solution

A

solution which contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the solvent

48
Q

Simple distillation

A

seperation technique used to separate a liquid from a solution

49
Q

Solid

A

state of matter where particles hold a regular arrangement with the least amount of energy

50
Q

Solute

A

substance which is being dissolved in a solvent to create a solution

51
Q

Solvent

A

substance which dissolves a solute

52
Q

State symbols

A

l, s, g, aq

53
Q

Stationary phase

A

non - moving phase in chromatography where the mobile phase passes over

54
Q

Subatomic particles

A

particles smaller than an atom

55
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

water molecules forming part of a crystal structure

Chemistry (4 decks)

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