Principles of Ecology

Question 1

refers to the scientific study of relationships between
organisms and their environment

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

Everything that takes up space and has mass.

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

is the material of which things are made

Answer 3

matter

Question 4

is the capacity to do work, such as moving matter over a distance.

Answer 4

energy

Question 5

What energy contained in moving objects

Answer 5

kinetic energy

Question 6

is stored energy that is latent but available for use.

Answer 6

Potential energy

Question 7

stored in the food you eat and the gasoline you put in the car, is also a potential energy that can be released to do useful work.

Answer 7

Chemical energy

Question 8

describes the energy that can be transferred between objects of different temperature.

Answer 8

Heat

Question 9

is the study of how energy is transferred, its rates of flow and transformation from one form or quality to another.

Answer 9

Thermodynamics

Question 10

the tendency of all natural system to go from a state of order toward a state of increasing disorder

Answer 10

entropy

Question 11

is the ultimate source of energy for living organisms.

Answer 11

sun

Question 12

are organisms that live in severe conditions.

Answer 12

Extremophiles

Question 13

energy to an ecosystem that lives in total darkness and under tremendous pressure.

Answer 13

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Question 14

The energy source for this ecosystem is provided by inorganic molecules like hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen gas through a process called?

Answer 14

chemosynthesis

Question 15

are considered to be very primitive organisms and the conditions under which they live are thought to be similar to those in which life first evolved.

Answer 15

Archaea

Question 16

Most extremophiles are single celled called?

Answer 16

Archaea

Question 17

is composed of particles of energy that travel as waves. It is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, the entire range of electromagnetic radiation.

Answer 17

Light

Question 18

converts radiant energy into useful, high quality chemical energy in the bonds that hold together organic molecules (food!).

Answer 18

Photosynthesis

Question 19

is responsible for the flow of wind, ocean currents, weather patterns and the hydrological cycle.

Answer 19

Sunlight

Question 20

is the conversion of light energy into chemical bond energy. It takes place in organelles called _______.

Answer 20

Photosynthesis - chloroplast

Question 21

releases chemical energy found in substances.

Answer 21

Cellular respiration

Question 22

is the base of the energy dynamics of an ecosystem, how organisms share food resources..

Answer 22

Photosynthesis

Question 23

refers to the amount of biological material produced in an ecosystem.

Answer 23

Biomass

Question 24

strike the earth obliquely in the higher latitudes.

Answer 24

Sunrays

Question 25

is responsible for the flow of wind, ocean currents, weather patterns and the hydrological cycle.

Answer 25

Sunlight

Question 26

is most often defined as all organisms that are
genetically similar enough to breed and produce live, fertile offspring in nature

Answer 26

species

Question 27

consists of all members of a specie that live in the same area at the same time.

Answer 27

population

Question 28

consists of all the populations living and interacting in an area

Answer 28

biological community

Question 29

biological activity and its physical environment (water, mineral resources, air, sunlight) make up an_______?

Answer 29

ecological system, or ecosystem

Question 30

is measured by the amount of biomass produced in an ecosystem

Answer 30

productivity

Question 31

is the biomass produced by photosynthesis of an ecosystem

Answer 31

primary productivity

Question 32

is the biomass produced by organisms that eat plants or other organisms of an ecosystem

Answer 32

secondary productivity

Question 33

refers to the sequence of organisms in a community on successive trophic levels and
through which energy is transferred. It is a feeding series.

Answer 33

Food chain

Question 34

are several interconnected network of food chain, usually very complex involving hundreds of species

Answer 34

Food web

Question 35

is the position of an organism in the food chain.

Answer 35

Trophic level

Question 36

make food from simple organic matter, the largest group in the community.

Answer 36

Producers or autotrophs

Question 37

obtain their food by eating other organisms

Answer 37

Consumers or heterotrophs

Question 38

Organisms that eat plants

Answer 38

Primary consumers or herbivores

Question 39

Organisms that eat other animals

Answer 39

Secondary and tertiary consumers or carnivores

Question 40

Organisms that eat both plant and animal materials

Answer 40

Omnivores

Question 41

Organisms that feed on dead organisms and wastes.

Answer 41

Decomposers or saprobes

Question 42

Saprobes eat Dead animals (carrion)

Answer 42

scavengers

Question 43

Organisms feces and excreted organic compounds, Dead plants, logs, stumps, fallen leaves, dead roots.

Answer 43

Ditritivores

Question 44

are decomposers and completer the final breakdown and recycling of
organic materials.

Answer 44

Fungi and bacteria

Question 45

is formed when organisms in a community are arranged according to
numbers.

Answer 45

ecological pyramid

Question 46

Liquid is changed to gas (vapor) is called?

Answer 46

Evaporation

Question 47

change from solid to gas is called?

Answer 47

Sublimation

Question 48

gas changes to liquid id called?

Answer 48

Condensation

Question 49

falling of water in any of its phases upon the surface of the earth is called?

Answer 49

Precipitation