Principles of Effective Instruction Flashcards
What are the 4 basic types of learning theories?
1) Behaviorism
2) Cognitivism
3) Constructivist
4) Connectivism
What are the 3 descriptions of Behavorism?
1) Do something they couldn’t do before
2) Observable, measurable and predictable
3) Stimulus-response associations
What are 3 traits of Cognitivsm
1) Received, processed and manipulated
2) Change in mental structures
3) Change in behavior at later date
What are 2 traits of Constructivism?
1) New understanding constructed from previous experiences
2) Ability to assemble knowledge from pre-existing models
What are 2 traits of connectivism?
1) Network phenomenon influenced by technology and socialization
2) Learner connects to and participates in learning community
What is Andragogy?
Used to describe student-centered education for people of all ages
What are the 4 traits in the Andragogical model?
1) are self-directed
2) enter educational programs with a great diversity of experience
3) become ready to learn when they experience a need to know or do something
4) are life-centered, task-centered, or problem-centered
Why is motivation important to adult learner?
Need to value content for retainment and transfer to real world application.
What is extrinsic motivation?
- Outside
- When we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment.
What is intrinsic motivation?
- Inside
- When we perform an activity because its personally rewarding, performig an activity for its own sake rather than the desire for an external reward.
- The behavior is the reward.
6 Factors that promote Intrinsic Motivation
- Curiosity
- Challenge
- Control
- Recognition
- Cooperation
- Competition
Andragogical is a _______ model?
Process
Gagne’s Events of Learning I’d a process model concerned with what?
Providing procedures/resources for helping learners acquire info/ skills.
What are Gagne’s 9 events of learning?
1) Gain attention
2) Inform participants of objectives
3) Stimulate recall of prior learning
4) Present Content
5) Learning guidance
6) Elicit performance
7) Provide Feedback
8) Assess performance
9) Enhance retention/ transfer
What are 2 factors in Gagnes first event of learning: Gain attention
1) First capture attention of students
2) Thought-provoking question, interesting fact, story or problem
What are 3 factors in Gagnes second event of learning: Inform participants of objectives
1) Initiates internal process of expectancy
2) Helps motivate learner
3) Help focus their attention and set expectations
What are 3 factors in Gagnes third event of learning: Stimulate recall of prior learning
1) Associate New information with prior knowledge
2) Encode/ store in long-term memory
3) A simple way to stimulate recall is to ask questions about previous experiences
What are 3 factors in Gagnes fourth event of learning: Present Content
1) Chunked and organized
2) Explained and demonstrated
3) Use variety of media
What is a factor in Gagnes fifth event of learning: Learning Guidance
1) Use examples (both good and bad) case-studies, graphics, mnemonics, analogies etc.
What is 2 factors in Gagnes sixth event of learning: Elicit Performance
1) By practicing new skills or behavior correct understanding is confirmed
2) Increases likelihood of retention
What are 2 factors in Gagnes seventh event of learning: Provide Feedback
1) Specific and immediate
2) Help students hone new skills by ensuring feedback from the instructional environment
What are 2 factors in Gagnes eighth event of learning: Assess Performance
1) Evaluates gained skills and where work is needed
2) Informal or diagnostic
What are 2 factors in Gagnes ninth event of learning: Enhance retention/ transfer
1) supported by examples and exercises
2) Need to be real- world
What is the definition of learning?
Active creation of knowledge
