Principles of Evolution Flashcards
Evolution
A change in heritable properties of a population over generations
Homology
Similarity in structure due to come on ancestry
Homoplasy
Similarity in structure due to independent evolution of structure in different organisms
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history
Taxonomy
A Branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth
G.Cuvier
1812
Didn’t accept evolution
Field of paleontology- provided evidence that life changed
James Hutton
1795
Geologist - recognized the power of gradual processes overtime
“Earth must be old”
Uniformitarianism
Observable natural processes responsible for past events
T.R Malthus
1789
Published an essay about the principles of population
“Human population grows faster than food and other resources can be produced…resulting in poverty”
Jean baptiste lemarck
1809
Life is driven from simple to complex
Many independently evolving lines of life
Two principles explaining patterns in nature
Use &disuse
Inheritance of acquired changes
Explain the principle of Use & disuse
Organisms can modify their phenotype to allow them to use the environment better
Phenotypic plasticity
Change in phenotypic properties in an organism that are based on environmental factors. Not heritable factors.
What was the problem with Lamarck’s theory ?
He thought phenotypically plastic traits were heritable
Darwin’s intellectual contribution was…
Evolution
Artificial and natural selection are similar because …
They both involve selective breeding
What is the scientific name of humans? In the the correct form
Homo sapiens (italicized)
Who developed the concept of natural selection at the same time as Darwin ?
Wallace (1858)
The origin of species was published in…
1859
Natural selection
A process through which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those inherited traits
A selective pressure that is biased towards certain individuals resulting in a change in frequency of the individuals, reproduction of those individuals result in a genetic change of the population in future generations.
Natural selection
Artificial selection
Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the reoccurrence of desirable traits to better suit our needs
Directional selection
Moving distribution in a particular direction
Disruptive selection
Leading to the evolution of two populations for one.
