Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards
(19 cards)
Host Factors to consider when selecting therapy
Drug allergies. age, pregnancy, renal and hepatic function, site of infection, concomitant drug therapy, underlying disease states
Drug factors to consider when selecting therapy
antimicrobial activity, spectrum of activity,. pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tissue penetration, adverse effect profile, cost and convenience
2 areas that antimicrobials work at
inhibiting cell wall and protein synthesis
Definition of MIC
MIC is the lowest antimicrobial concentration that prevents visible growth of an organism after 24 hours of incubation (measure of how sensitive or resistant an organism is)
How much more should the peak serum concentration be compared to the MIC
2-4x to be susceptible
Gram + cocci
Staph, strep, Enterococcus (harder to tx)
Gram - cocci
H. flu, Neisseria, M.cat
Enterobacteriacea (lives in gut)
EKP: E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
ESP: Enterobacter, Serratia,Providencia
Final 2 bacteria not included in any category
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hardest to kill) and B. fragilis (anaerobe)
Acute Otitis Media pathogens
S. pneumoniae, H. flu, M.cat
Miningitis
S. pneumoniae, H. flu, N. meningitidis
Sinusitis
S. pneumoniae, H. flu, M.cat
Chronic Bronchitis
S/C/M pneumoniae, H. flu, M.cat
Pneumonia
S/M pneumoniae, H. flu, Pseudomonas, Staph aureus
Appendicitis
E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacteriodes
UTI
EKP, Enterococcus
Osteromylitis
Staph
What signs/sxs/labs can help you monitor if treatment is working or failing?
- Efficacy (Vitals like Temp, clinical exam/PE, site specific sxs)
- Toxicity (any adverse effects present)
- Imaging if needed
- Labs (WBC, PCT, other inflammatory markers like ESR, CRP)
Why might treatment fail and how do you manage that?
- Noninfectious cause? – reevaluate
- Maybe another source of untreated infection
- Consider if appropriate drug dosing, patient-specific reactions
- Change antimicrobial therapy based on findings
