Principles of Injury and Injury Prevention Flashcards
(22 cards)
What were the selection pressures on early hominids?
- Hunter-gatherers
- Traveling large distances to find food
- Food not in plentiful supply
What quality did early hominids have to overcome the selection pressures?
-Had to be energetically efficient
Why are humans not particularly fast compared to some animals?
- Shorter stride length
- Slower muscle contraction velocity
- Bipedal; Legs have to support bodyweight and provide thrust
Even though humans are not faster than other animals, what advantage do they have?
-Humans are exceptional at endurance running
What makes humans good endurance runners?
- Relatively long legs for body size
- Springs within legs to utilise elastic recoil
- Breathing mechanisms not linked to stride frequency
Define Injury
Bodily damage caused by a transfer of energy that exceeded he body’s ability to maintain its structural and/or functional integrity
What is a Traumatic Injury?
- One off overload of the system
- Often due to the impact mechanism (but not always)
What is an Overuse Injury?
- Repeated loading the system (cyclical)
- Damage builds up over time
- Symptoms appear gradually
- Load of not excessive magnitude can cause failure
What is an acute injury?
The first injury episode
What is chronic injury?
a recurrence of a previous injury
How is injury severity measured?
-Time loss from training/sport
How is injury incidence reported?
- Number of injuries/total exposure * 1000
- gives injuries per 1000 playing hours/matches/athlete exposures
What is injury burden?
- injury incidence * average severity
What are the areas of injury classification?
- Location of injury
- Type of injury
- Match vs training
- Contact vs non contact
What is a risk factor?
Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury
What are the classifications of risk factors?
- Intrinsic; related to a person, their physiology and anatomy
- Extrinsic; external to the person
- Modifiable/Non-modifiable
Give some examples of non-modifiable intrinsic risk factors for injury
- Previous injury
- Genetic factors
- Sex
- Height/Size
Give some modifiable intrinsic risk factors for injury
- Poor alignment
- Muscle imbalance
- Leg length discrepancy
- Lack of flexibility
- Body composition
Give an example of a non-modifiable extrinsic risk factor for injury
Environmental conditions like heat, cold, humidity, dryness, etc.
Give some examples of modifiable extrinsic risk factors for injury
- Type of playing surface
- Equipment
- Rules of the sport
What is the 4 step sequence of injury prevention research by van Mechelen 1992?
- Establish the extent of the injury
- Establish causes and mechanisms of the injury
- Introduce a preventative measure
- Assess its effectiveness by repeating Step 1
What is the Sports Injury Causation Model by Bahr and Krosshaug (2005)?
Intrinsic risk factors –> Predisposed Athlete –> Exposure to extrinsic risk factor –> susceptible athlete –> Inciting event –> injury
