Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm chapter 1 > Principles of Pharm > Flashcards

Principles of Pharm Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What four prehistoric practices influenced pharmacology?

A

shamanism
animism
spiritualism
divination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is the first recorded physician?

A

Imhotep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is the “father of western medicine?”

A

Hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 2 subcontinental medicine influence on pharmacology.

A

India (ayurvedic)
China (traditional chinese medicine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between the Rod of Asclepius vs Caduceus?

A

The Rod of Asclepius is associated with medicine; Caduceus is falsely associated with medicine but is actually representative of commerce/trade.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Materia Medica?

A

A collection of work throughout history based on botany, medicinal substances, and is a precursor to pharmacology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who is the “Father of Toxicology”?

A

Paracelsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Paracelsus say?

A

“The dose makes the poison”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of a controlled drug trial?

A

It evaluates therapeutic claims and prevents worthless patents of medicines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What drugs do to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharmacogenomics

A

The correlation between genetic profiling and predictive responses to drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxicology

A

The study of toxin effects on living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that elicits a response when attached to a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antagonist

A

Blocks a receptor from functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Toxins

A

Biologic (living organisms)
ex.) mushrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Poisons

A

Non-biologic
ex.) lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Allosteric

A

When the drug binds to a site outside of the active site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Orthosteric

A

When the drug binds to the active site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the 3 main bond types and rank them from strongest to weakest.

Study These Flashcards
A

Covalent
Electrostatic
Hydrophobic

21
Q

Name 3 types of electrostatic bonds

Study These Flashcards
A

charged molecules
hydrogen bonds
Van der Waals forces

22
Q

Specific binding

Study These Flashcards
A

binds at receptor site; has a maximum (plateaus)

23
Q

Non-specific binding

Study These Flashcards
A

drug binds elsewhere
ex) albumin

24
Q

Describe the relationship involving bound drug concentration vs free drug concentration

Study These Flashcards
A

the more drug that is given, the more drug that is bound (total binding)

specific binding: the more drug that is given, the more drug that is bound but there are only so many receptors to bind to.

non-specific binding: the more drug that is given, the more drug that is bound because it can bind anywhere outside of the receptor

25
ADME
absorption distribution metabolism excretion
26
Drug concentration vs drug dose
concentration is the total amount of drug in the blood stream; the drug dose is how much drug you are giving
27
B max
maximum binding to receptor
28
Kd
drug concentration at which 50% of receptors are bound; changes depending on the drug affinity to receptor sites
29
E max
maximum effect; can be variable
30
EC 50
50% of drug effect is seen; a single point on the curve
31
Explain why the Kd is not the same as EC 50.
You could have 1 receptor bound to have a maximum effect or you could have all of the receptors bound to have a maximum effect. The Kd changes based on drug affinity. EC 50 never changes; it is where 50% of the maximum effect is seen.
32
Explain how a drug concentration curve might look (in terms of drug/receptor affinity) if the the Kd is low or high
A low Kd = high drug/receptor affinity (shift to the left) A high Kd = low drug/receptor affinity (shift to the right)
33
Agonist + Allosteric Activator
an even greater response seen than just giving orthosteric agonist
34
Agonist + Competitive Inhibitor
more drug needed to achieve the same effect as if only giving orthosteric agonist SURMOUNTABLE
35
Agonist + Allosteric Inhibitor
Inhibitor is non-competitive; therefore, cannot be out-competed. shuts down the active site. ** will not see the same response as if only activator was given; a muted response is seen. INSURMOUNTABLE
36
Partial agonist
Binds with less affinity; gives a PARTIAL response in the presence of a FULL agonist, partial agonist acts as an ANTAGONIST; it out-competes the full agonist the more partial agonist that is given, the less of a response you will see
37
What is an example of opposing charge antagonism?
Protamine (+) and Heparin (-)
38
What is an example of a physiologic antagonism?
Drugs that act on different receptors to oppose the effect ex) Epi > B receptors (increase HR) & ACh on muscarinic receptors (slow down HR)
39
Inverse agonist
favors Ri (inactive receptor configuration) in PRACTICE -- acts as an ANTAGONIST terminates constitutive activity (vs competitive antagonist, which keeps constitutive activity)
40
What are some receptors that inverse agonists bind to?
histamine receptors (H1/H2) beta-adrenergic receptors GABA receptors 5-HT receptors dopamine receptors
41
Beta-1 agonists
direct: epi, norepi indirect (mimic): amphetamines, cocaine
42
Beta-1 partial agonist
pindolol acebutolol
43
Beta-1 antagonist
propanolol atenolol
44
Beta-1 inverse agonist
carvedilol nadolol
45
Optical isomers
mirror images (have the same chemical formula; but NOT the same effects) ex) L and R glove
46
Racemic mixtures
a mixture of several different optical isomers ex) R-Ketamine + S-Ketamine R is usually more toxic and S is 4x more potent and the purified form
47
What are 4 factors that influence receptor interactions?
size electrical charge shape atomic composition
48
What is the relationship between bond strength and specificity?
inversely proportional the stronger the bond, the less specific the drug is; the weaker the bond, the more specific the receptor site ex) covalent bonds are the strongest but contain the least specific receptor sites, while hydrophobic bonds are the weakest and have the most specific receptor sites
49
receptor vs receptor site
receptor: binding agent to the receptor site receptor site: where the binding agent attaches to on cell surface

Pharm chapter 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions