principles of pharmacology

Question 1

what is pharmacology

Answer 1

study of how drugs take action in the body

Question 2

what are drugs

Answer 2

ligands

Question 3

what are ligands

Answer 3

ligands are substances that can bind to a target and induce a biological response

Question 4

what are exogenous ligands

Answer 4

pharmaceticals

Question 5

what are endogenous ligands

Answer 5

hormones and neurotransmitters

Question 6

what are the targets

Answer 6

receptors

Question 7

what are the two states in which receptors exsist

Answer 7

R and R*

Question 8

what do agonists do

Answer 8

they mimic the action of endogenous ligands

Question 9

what do antagonists do

Answer 9

they bind to and stabalise R but they do not induce a response

Question 10

what is affinity

Answer 10

affinity is needed for a ligand to bind to the receptor
higher affinity equilibrium favours R
lower affinity equilibrium favours R*

Question 11

what is intrinsic efficacy

Answer 11

to elicit a biological response after binding to a receptor a drug must have intrinsic efficacy
efficacy defines the size of the biological response that can be initiated when a drug binds to to a receptor

Question 12

what is potency

Answer 12

measurement of how much of a drug it takes to ellicit a biological response, producy of affinity and efficacy plus a downstream signalling cascade

Question 13

where are beta- adrenoreceptors located

Answer 13

on the cell surface of cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and non pacemaker cells in the heart

Question 14

what is sotalol hydrochloride

Answer 14

non-selective beta adrenoreceptor antagonist selective potassium channel blocker

Question 15

in pharmakokinetics what is ADME

Answer 15

absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination

Question 16

what does EC50 represent

Answer 16

concentration of an agonist compound where 50% of its maximal agonistic effect is observed

Question 17

what does IC50 represent

Answer 17

concentration of an antagonist compound where 50% of its maximal antagonistic effect is observed

Question 18

what does ED50 represent

Answer 18

represents the minimum required dose to show desired activity of drug in half the members of tested population after a specific duration of time

Question 19

what does LD50 represent

Answer 19

represents the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specific duration of time

Question 20

what is flecainide acetate

Answer 20

indiations for use of sodium channel blockers
ventricular arrthymias