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Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Action of Aspirin?

A

Anti- inflammatory agent and anti-fever agent: prevents platelets from clumping, thereby decreasing formation of new clots

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2
Q

What are the indications of Aspirin?

A

relief of mild pain, headache muscle aches, fever, chest pain of cardiac origin

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3
Q

What are the contraindications of Aspirin ?

A

Hyper sensitivity, Recent bleeding

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4
Q

What are the routes to take Aspirin?

A

PO

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5
Q

What are the adverse effects of Aspirin?

A

Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions

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6
Q

What are the interactions of Aspirin?

A

caution should be used in patients who are taking anticoagulants

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7
Q

What is the Adult dose of Aspirin?

A

160 to 325 mg

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8
Q

What are the administration concerns with aspirin?

A

do not administer for pain caused by trauma or for fevers in children; patients with chest pain must be able to chew tablets

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9
Q

What is the action of Ipratropium

A
  • Stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation
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10
Q

What is the indication of Ipratropium?

A

Asthma/ Difficulty breathing with wheezing

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11
Q

What are the contraindications of Ipratropium?

A

Hypersensitivity; tachycardia ; chest pain of origin

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12
Q

What is the route for Ipratropium?

A

Inhalation

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13
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ipratropium?

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety or restlessness

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14
Q

What is the interactions of Ipratropium?

A

increases effects of other nervous system stimulants

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15
Q

What is the adult dose of Ipratropium?

A

1 to 2 inhalations; wait for 5 minutes before repeating dose

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16
Q

Admin concerns of Ipratropium

A

must inhale medication in one breath

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17
Q

what is the action of epinephrine ?

A

stimulates the nervous system causing bronchodilations

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18
Q

What are the indication of epinephrine ?

A

anaphylactic reaction

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19
Q

What are the contradictions of epinephrine?

A

chest pain of cardiac origin, hypothermia, hyper tension

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20
Q

What is the route for epinephrine?

A

IM

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21
Q

What is the adverse effects of epinephrine ?

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety or restlessness

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22
Q

What are the interactions of epinephrine

A

increases the effects of other nervous system stimulants

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23
Q

What is the adult dose of epinephrine?

A

0.3 mg for adult, 0.15 mg for children

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24
Q

Admin concerns for epinephrine

A

medication will last 5 minutes and do not repeat dose.

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25
What is the action of naloxone?
reverses respiratory depression secondary to opiod overdose
26
What are the indications of naloxone?
opioid poisoning
27
What are the contraindications of naloxone?
hypersensitivity
28
What are the routes of naloxone?
IM, IN
29
What are the adverse effects of naloxone?
nausea and vomiting
30
What are the interactions of naloxone?
additional doses may be required for severe overdoses
31
what are the adult doses of naloxone?
2 mg IN or IM auto injector
32
What are the admin concerns of naloxone?
patients may wake up combative
33
What is the action of Nitroglycerin?
dilates blood vessels
34
What is the indications of Nitroglycerin?
chest pain of cardiac origin
35
What is the contraindications of Nitroglycerin?
hypotension; use of sildenafil (viagra) or another treatment for erectile dysfunction within the previous 24 hours; head injury
36
What are the route of Nitroglycerin?
SL Tablet or spray
37
What are the adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?
headache, burning under tonague, hypotension, nausea.
38
What are the interactions of Nitroglycerin?
increasing dilating effects of other blood vessel dilating medications
39
What are the admin concerns of Nitroglycerin?
ensure that ALS is en route
39
What is the adult dose of Nitroglycerin?
02 to 0.4 mg SL; 0.4 mg Spray
40
What is the action of oral glucose?
when absorbed, provides glucose for cell use
41
What is the indications of oral glucose?
low blood glucose
42
what are the contraindications of oral glucose?
decreased level of consciousness nausea; vomiting
43
What is the route of oral glucose?
PO
44
What is the interactions of oral glucose?
None
45
What is adult dose of oral glucose?
1/2 to 1 tube
46
What are the admin concerns of oral glucose?
patients must be awake, have control of the airway and be able to follow commands.
47
What is the action of oxygen?
reverses hypoxia; provides oxygen to be absorbed by lungs
48
what are the indications of oxygen?
hypoxia or suspected hypoxia
49
what are the contraindications of oxygen?
very rarely used in patients with COPD; do not use near open flames, as oxygen will support combustion
50
What are the routes of oxygen?
Inhalation
51
What are the adverse effects of oxygen?
decreased respiratory effort in rare cases in patients with COPD
52
what are the interactions of oxygen?
can support combustion
53
What is the adult dose of oxygen?
use oxygen delivery devices to administer 28% to 100% oxygen
54
What are the admin concerns of oxygen?
no open flames nearby; do not withhold oxygen from patients in respiratory distress.
55
What is the action of Acetaminophen?
Analgesic and fever reducer
56
What are the indications of Acetaminophen?
relief of mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches
57
What are the contraindications of Acetaminophen?
hypersensitivity
58
What are the routes of Acetaminophen?
PO
59
What are the adverse effects of Acetaminophen?
allergic reaction
60
What are the interactions of Acetaminophen?
take caution or avoid potiential overdoses
61
What is the adult dose of Acetaminophen?
500 to 1,000 mg every 4 hours needed; dose is weight based in children
62
what are the admin concerns for Acetaminophen?
weight of child is more important than age
63
What is the action of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
it is a antihistamine
64
What is the indications of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
mild allergic reactions
65
What are the contraindications of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
asthma, glaucoma, pregnancy, hypertension , infants,
66
What are the routes of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
PO
67
What are the adverse effects Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
sleepiness, dry mouth and throat
68
what are the interactions of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
do not take with alcohol or MAO inhibitor
69
what is the adult dose of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
25 to 50 mg
70
what is the admin concerns of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
can use in severe allergic reaction- but epinephrine is administered first
71
What is the action of Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
NSAID that reduces inflammation and fever
72
what is the indications of Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches
73
What is the contraindications of Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
Hypersenstivity
74
What is the route for Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
PO
75
What are the adverse effects of Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions
76
What are the interactions of Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
do not take with aspirin
77
What is the adult dose of Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
200 to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours, dose is weight based in children
78
What are the admin concerns for Ibuprofen (advil, motrin)?
do not take for pain caused by trauma

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