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PHTH 508 Foundations > Principles of PNF > Flashcards

Principles of PNF Flashcards

1
Q

Neuromuscular facilitation

A

promoting or encouraging normal activity of the neuromuscular system

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2
Q

proprioceptive

A

pertaining to the proprioceptors or sensory inputs

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3
Q

what does it mean if a muscle is hypertonic?

A

Hypertonia is an increase in muscle tone. Muscles are stiff and rigid as the muscles are too constricted.

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4
Q

what does it mean if the muscle is hypotonic?

A

Hypotonia is a decrease in muscle tone. Muscles are limp and floppy as the muscles are too relaxed.

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5
Q

what provides to continuous sensory output? (3)

A
  1. manual contact (assist, resist, block, guide)
  2. verbal guidance (cue, coach, enforce)
  3. visual feedback
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6
Q

What is the purpose of PNF?

A

PNF is used to improve strength, neuromuscular control, flexibility, and range of motion. It can also facilitate stability.

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7
Q

When is PNF indicated? (4)

A
  1. To increase abnormal muscle tone
  2. To produce coordinated movement
  3. To increase strength, endurance, or ROM
  4. To stretch tight muscles
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8
Q

What are agonist muscles?

A

agonist muscles produce movement

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9
Q

what are antagonist muscles?

A

antagonist muscles relax to allow movement

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10
Q

what are support muscles?

A

Muscles that stabilize the trunk and proximal extremities

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11
Q

what are fixator muscles?

A

Muscles that hold bones steady

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12
Q

what are static contractions?

A

contractions of the muscles without a change in muscle length (isometric)

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13
Q

what are dynamic contractions?

A

Dynamic muscle contractions can be concentric or eccentric. There is a change in muscle length.

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14
Q

what is the goal of PNF? Why?

A

To strengthen gross motor patterns instead of specific muscle actions. Movement in patterns encourages stronger muscle groups to assist weaker muscles.

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15
Q

What can PNF do for weak muscles?

A

PNF can facilitate an increase in excitability of motor neurons

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16
Q

what can PNF do for tight or spastic muscles?

A

PNF can inhibit and create a decrease in excitability of motor neurons

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17
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 1st principle? (3 points)

A

-The patient is taught a movement pattern from start to end position.
-brief and simple instruction
-passive motion of pt limb through the pattern

18
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 2nd principle?

A

-visual feedback for direction and positional control

19
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 3rd principle? What is are the most common cues?

A
  • Simple and firm verbal cues for coordination.
  • push, pull, hold, relax
20
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 4th principle?

A

-Hands on contact with appropriate pressure to facilitate a maximal response

21
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 5th principle?

A
  • The therapist should move with the patient and movement that they want to facilitate
22
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 6th principle?

A
  • Resistance given by the therapist should facilitate a max response for smooth and coordinated movement.
23
Q

what is an isotonic contraction?

A

An isotonic contraction is when the muscle generates force and a velocity (length change) under condition of a constant load

24
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 7th principle?

A

Rotational movement is critical in all PNF patterns

25
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 8th principle?

A

Appropriate timing. All distal movement of patterns must occur first.

26
Q

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 9th principle?

A

A quick stretch given to muscle before muscle contraction can facilitate a muscle to respond with greater force through the stretch reflex mechanism (GTO)

27
Q

Describe D1 flexion of the upper extremity
-shoulder
- scapula
- elbow
- forearm
-wrist
-hand

A
  • shoulder: FLEX, ADD, ER
    -scapula: elevation, abd, upward rotation
  • elbow: flexion or extension
    -forearm: supination
    -wrist: flexion and radial deviation
  • hand: flexion and adduction
28
Q

Describe D1 extension of the upper extremity
-shoulder
- scapula
- elbow
- forearm
-wrist
-hand

A

-shoulder: EXT, ABD, IR
-scapula: depression, add, downward rotation
-elbow: flexion or extension
-forearm: pronation
-wrist: extension and ulnar deviation
- hand: extension and abd

29
Q

Describe D2 flexion of the upper extremity
-shoulder
-scapula
-elbow
-forearm
-wrist
-hand

A

-Shoulder: Flex, ABD, ER
-Scapula: Elevation, ABD, upward rotation
-Elbow: flex or ext
-Forearm: supination
-Wrist: extension and radial deviation
-Hand: extension and ABD

30
Q

Describe D2 extension of the upper extremity
-shoulder
-scapula
-elbow
-forearm
-wrist
-hand

A

-Shoulder: EXT, ADD, IR
-Scapula: Depression, ADD, downward rotation
-Elbow: flex or ext
-Forearm: pronation
-Wrist: flexion and ulnar deviation
-Hand: flexion and ADD

31
Q

Describe D1 flexion of the lower extremity
-hip
-knee
-ankle
-toes

A

-hip: FLEX, ADD, ER
-knee: Flexion
-ankle: Dorsiflex and INV
-toes: Extension

32
Q

Describe D1 extension of the lower extremity
-hip
-knee
-ankle
-toes

A

-Hip: EXT, ABD, IR
-Knee: Extension
-Ankle: Plantarflex and eversion
-Toes: Flexion

33
Q

Describe D2 flexion of the lower extremity
-hip
-knee
-ankle
-toes

A

-hip: FLEX, ABD, IR
-knee: Flex
-ankle: dorsiflex and eversion
-toes: extension

34
Q

Describe D2 extension of the lower extremity
-hip
-knee
-ankle
-toes

A

-hip: EXT, ADD, ER
-knee: Ext
-ankle: plantarflex and inv
-toes: flexion

35
Q

How can you remember D1 flexion and extension of the upper extremity?

A

D1 flexion: Reach across to brush your hair or grab your seatbelt
D1 extension: Close the car door behind you

36
Q

How can you remember D2 flexion and extension of the upper extremity?

A

D2 flexion: waiter holding tray
D2 extension: reach for the sword

37
Q

How can you remember D1 flexion and extension of the lower extremity?

A

D1 flexion: hackysack
D1 extension: toe point

38
Q

how can you remember D2 flexion and extension of the lower extremity?

A

D2 flexion: Peeing dog
D2 extension: cross your legs to hold your pee

39
Q

what have studies revealed about PNF stretching techniques?

A

PNF stretching is effective in increasing flexibility and ROM

40
Q

when would you want to use muscular activation PNF techniques? (4)

A
  1. if a patient has non-optimal motor control
  2. to increase strength
  3. to increase endurance
  4. to improve coordination
41
Q

when would you want to use PNF relaxation techniques?

A

for muscular tension and tightness

PHTH 508 Foundations (4 decks)

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