Principles of PNF

Question 1

Neuromuscular facilitation

Answer 1

promoting or encouraging normal activity of the neuromuscular system

Question 2

proprioceptive

Answer 2

pertaining to the proprioceptors or sensory inputs

Question 3

what does it mean if a muscle is hypertonic?

Answer 3

Hypertonia is an increase in muscle tone. Muscles are stiff and rigid as the muscles are too constricted.

Question 4

what does it mean if the muscle is hypotonic?

Answer 4

Hypotonia is a decrease in muscle tone. Muscles are limp and floppy as the muscles are too relaxed.

Question 5

what provides to continuous sensory output? (3)

Answer 5

1. manual contact (assist, resist, block, guide)
2. verbal guidance (cue, coach, enforce)
3. visual feedback

Question 6

What is the purpose of PNF?

Answer 6

PNF is used to improve strength, neuromuscular control, flexibility, and range of motion. It can also facilitate stability.

Question 7

When is PNF indicated? (4)

Answer 7

1. To increase abnormal muscle tone
2. To produce coordinated movement
3. To increase strength, endurance, or ROM
4. To stretch tight muscles

Question 8

What are agonist muscles?

Answer 8

agonist muscles produce movement

Question 9

what are antagonist muscles?

Answer 9

antagonist muscles relax to allow movement

Question 10

what are support muscles?

Answer 10

Muscles that stabilize the trunk and proximal extremities

Question 11

what are fixator muscles?

Answer 11

Muscles that hold bones steady

Question 12

what are static contractions?

Answer 12

contractions of the muscles without a change in muscle length (isometric)

Question 13

what are dynamic contractions?

Answer 13

Dynamic muscle contractions can be concentric or eccentric. There is a change in muscle length.

Question 14

what is the goal of PNF? Why?

Answer 14

To strengthen gross motor patterns instead of specific muscle actions. Movement in patterns encourages stronger muscle groups to assist weaker muscles.

Question 15

What can PNF do for weak muscles?

Answer 15

PNF can facilitate an increase in excitability of motor neurons

Question 16

what can PNF do for tight or spastic muscles?

Answer 16

PNF can inhibit and create a decrease in excitability of motor neurons

Question 17

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 1st principle? (3 points)

Answer 17

-The patient is taught a movement pattern from start to end position.
-brief and simple instruction
-passive motion of pt limb through the pattern

Question 18

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 2nd principle?

Answer 18

-visual feedback for direction and positional control

Question 19

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 3rd principle? What is are the most common cues?

Answer 19

• Simple and firm verbal cues for coordination.
• push, pull, hold, relax

Question 20

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 4th principle?

Answer 20

-Hands on contact with appropriate pressure to facilitate a maximal response

Question 21

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 5th principle?

Answer 21

• The therapist should move with the patient and movement that they want to facilitate

Question 22

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 6th principle?

Answer 22

• Resistance given by the therapist should facilitate a max response for smooth and coordinated movement.

Question 23

what is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 23

An isotonic contraction is when the muscle generates force and a velocity (length change) under condition of a constant load

Question 24

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 7th principle?

Answer 24

Rotational movement is critical in all PNF patterns

Question 25

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 8th principle?

Answer 25

Appropriate timing. All distal movement of patterns must occur first.

Question 26

There are 9 principles of PNF application. What is the 9th principle?

Answer 26

A quick stretch given to muscle before muscle contraction can facilitate a muscle to respond with greater force through the stretch reflex mechanism (GTO)

Question 27

Describe D1 flexion of the upper extremity -shoulder - scapula - elbow - forearm -wrist -hand

Answer 27

- shoulder: FLEX, ADD, ER -scapula: elevation, abd, upward rotation - elbow: flexion or extension -forearm: supination -wrist: flexion and radial deviation - hand: flexion and adduction

Question 28

Describe D1 extension of the upper extremity -shoulder - scapula - elbow - forearm -wrist -hand

Answer 28

-shoulder: EXT, ABD, IR -scapula: depression, add, downward rotation -elbow: flexion or extension -forearm: pronation -wrist: extension and ulnar deviation - hand: extension and abd

Question 29

Describe D2 flexion of the upper extremity -shoulder -scapula -elbow -forearm -wrist -hand

Answer 29

-Shoulder: Flex, ABD, ER -Scapula: Elevation, ABD, upward rotation -Elbow: flex or ext -Forearm: supination -Wrist: extension and radial deviation -Hand: extension and ABD

Question 30

Describe D2 extension of the upper extremity -shoulder -scapula -elbow -forearm -wrist -hand

Answer 30

-Shoulder: EXT, ADD, IR -Scapula: Depression, ADD, downward rotation -Elbow: flex or ext -Forearm: pronation -Wrist: flexion and ulnar deviation -Hand: flexion and ADD

Question 31

Describe D1 flexion of the lower extremity -hip -knee -ankle -toes

Answer 31

-hip: FLEX, ADD, ER -knee: Flexion -ankle: Dorsiflex and INV -toes: Extension

Question 32

Describe D1 extension of the lower extremity -hip -knee -ankle -toes

Answer 32

-Hip: EXT, ABD, IR -Knee: Extension -Ankle: Plantarflex and eversion -Toes: Flexion

Question 33

Describe D2 flexion of the lower extremity -hip -knee -ankle -toes

Answer 33

-hip: FLEX, ABD, IR -knee: Flex -ankle: dorsiflex and eversion -toes: extension

Question 34

Describe D2 extension of the lower extremity -hip -knee -ankle -toes

Answer 34

-hip: EXT, ADD, ER -knee: Ext -ankle: plantarflex and inv -toes: flexion

Question 35

How can you remember D1 flexion and extension of the upper extremity?

Answer 35

D1 flexion: Reach across to brush your hair or grab your seatbelt D1 extension: Close the car door behind you

Question 36

How can you remember D2 flexion and extension of the upper extremity?

Answer 36

D2 flexion: waiter holding tray D2 extension: reach for the sword

Question 37

How can you remember D1 flexion and extension of the lower extremity?

Answer 37

D1 flexion: hackysack D1 extension: toe point

Question 38

how can you remember D2 flexion and extension of the lower extremity?

Answer 38

D2 flexion: Peeing dog D2 extension: cross your legs to hold your pee

Question 39

what have studies revealed about PNF stretching techniques?

Answer 39

PNF stretching is effective in increasing flexibility and ROM

Question 40

when would you want to use muscular activation PNF techniques? (4)

Answer 40

1. if a patient has non-optimal motor control 2. to increase strength 3. to increase endurance 4. to improve coordination

Question 41

when would you want to use PNF relaxation techniques?

Answer 41

for muscular tension and tightness