Prisons

Question 1

Retribution

Answer 1

Another word for punishment.

Question 2

Restitution

Answer 2

To work or make a payment back to society.

Question 3

Rehabilitation

Answer 3

Making someone fit to lead a better life.

Question 4

John Howard

Answer 4

Christian teachings, work, decent food, visits by chaplains and doctors.
1774 Gaol Act - Mostly ignored by Gaolers. However ideas were imporant as later reformers took the ideas forward.

Question 5

Elizabeth Fry

Answer 5

Quaker.
Found women and chikdren in violent, diseased conditions.
Education classes.
1825 published ideas.
She helped to change attitudes and improved conditions for women.

Question 6

Robert Peel

Answer 6

1823 Gaol Act
Fry’s work coincided with Peel.
Inspections, chaplains, doctors, education.
1830s prisoners had clean, seperate cells.
By 1877 90 new prisons built.

Question 7

1154

Answer 7

County gaols introduced by Henry II.

Question 8

1576

Answer 8

Judges required to build houses of correction.

Question 9

1774

Answer 9

Gaol Act

Question 10

1823

Answer 10

Gaol Act

Question 11

1907

Answer 11

Probation Officers

Question 12

1922

Answer 12

Separate system abolished.

Question 13

1933

Answer 13

First open prison.

Question 14

1933

Answer 14

First open prison.

Question 15

1948

Answer 15

Criminal Justice Act abolished hard labour and corporal punishment.

Question 16

In the 20th century, how did the prison system change? (3 examples)

Answer 16

Reform and Rehabilitation.

Prison systems: open prison established.

Women: 6% prison population female. 14 prisons in England with 4 juvenile units and 7 ‘mother and baby’ units.

Children: 1908 prisons called borstals were set up to hold young criminals.