proactive & retroactive interference

Question 1

proactive

Answer 1

when the learning of older information affects the recall of new information.

Question 2

retroactive

Answer 2

when the learning of new information affects the recall of old information

Question 3

Underwood & Postman (1960)

Answer 3

Group A: asked to learn two lists of word pairs.
Group B: asked to learn one list of word pairs.
Found: group B’s recall of the first list of word pairs were more accurate than Group A because new learning interfered with old learning (retroactive interference.

Question 4

Evaluation strength: McGeogh & McDonald (1931)

Answer 4

Found students were poorer at recalling a list of words if they had also learnt a second list of words with a similar meaning.

Question 5

Evaluation strength: Baddeley & Hitch (1977)

Answer 5

Found that rugby players struggled to remember the names of teams they played three weeks previously (can be applied to real life situations)

Question 6

Evaluation weakness: artificial materials

Answer 6

Most of the studies involve learning lists of words and are the results of lab studies

Question 7

Evaluation weakness: time given between learning and recall

Answer 7

For example, in most lab studies, participants are given a maximum of an hour. However in real life this is longer

Question 8

Evaluation weakness: Tulving & Psorka

Answer 8

They found participants remembering of words was not affected by having learnt words previously if they were given cues to prompt their recall