🟩 Probability Flashcards
(9 cards)
What is a multistage chance experiment?
A probability experiment with two or more stages, where the outcome of one stage can affect the next (e.g., drawing cards without replacement).
What is the difference between independent and dependent events?
Independent events don’t affect each other’s outcome; dependent events do.
What is a simulation in probability?
A method to model a real-world random process to estimate probabilities, often using random number generators or technology.
What is the difference between theoretical and experimental probability?
Theoretical probability is based on the expected outcomes in a perfect scenario, while experimental probability is based on actual outcomes from trials.
How do you calculate the probability of multiple independent events happening?
Multiply the probabilities of each event:
P ( A andB ) = P ( A ) × P ( B )
What is conditional probability?
Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring, given that another event has already occurred.
P(A/B)= (P(AandB) /(P(B))
In a bag of 10 marbles, 3 are red, 5 are blue, and 2 are green. What is the probability of randomly selecting a red marble?
There are:
- 3 red marbles
- 10 marbles in total
P ( red ) = numberofredmarbles / totalmarbles
= 3 / 10
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Answer: The probability is 3/10 or 0.3
A die is rolled twice. What is the probability of rolling a 4 on the first roll and a 2 on the second roll?
Each die has 6 sides. The events are independent, so:
P (4then2) = P (4) × P (2) = 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36
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Answer: The probability is 1/36
If you randomly select two cards from a deck of 52 cards without replacement, what is the probability that both cards are aces?
There are 4 aces in a 52-card deck.
Probability of first ace: 4/52
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After one ace is removed, 3 aces remain out of 51 cards: 3/51
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P ( bothaces ) = 4/52 x 3/51 = 12/2652 = 1/221
Answer: The probability is 1/221
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