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Motivation & Emotion > Problem 3 > Flashcards

Problem 3 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Emotion regulation

A

Refers to the processes by which individuals modify the trajectory of one or more components of an emotional response

–> it can thus influence the

  1. type
  2. intensity
  3. time course
  4. quality
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2
Q

Emotion regualtion tradition

A

Aims to understand the ways individuals regulate their emotions

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3
Q

Name the 5 families of emotion regulation strategies.

A
  1. Situation selection
  2. Situation modification
  3. Attentional deployment
  4. Cognitive change
  5. Response modulation
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4
Q 
Situation selection 
(ER)
A

Involves choosing or avoiding some activity, people etc due ti their expected emotional impact

e.g. meeting up with a friend after having a bad day to be happier again

–> 2 types

  1. Confrontation
  2. Avoidance
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5
Q

Confrontation

Situation selection

A

Involves choosing to face a situation in spite of the negative emotions it might potentially elicit

–> efficient if it is likely to bring long-term benefits

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6
Q

Avoidance

Situation selection

A

Escaping the situation as a whole

–> usually done if the situation is unlikely to bring future benefits + no side effects

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7
Q

Situation modification

ER

A

Involves changing aspects of a physical situation to change its emotional impact, without simply avoiding the situation

–> 3 types

  1. Direct situation modification
  2. Help/support seeking
  3. Conflict resolution
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8
Q

Direct situation modification

Situation modification

A

Taking practical actions that directly impact the situation

e.g. rehearsing a presentation so it goes well and one is less stressed

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9
Q

Help/support-seeking

Situation modification

A

Seeking others assistance to modify the situation

e.g. asking a classmate for help to finish an assignment

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10
Q

Conflict resolution

Situation modification

A

Taking steps to defuse a conflict situation

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11
Q

Attentional deployment

A

Involves altering how we feel by selecting the info we attend to

–> 3 types

  1. Distraction
  2. Rumination
  3. Mindfulness
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12
Q

Distraction

Attentional deployment

A

Shifting in attention

–> either way from the situation or away from emotional aspects of the situation

THUS: decreases negative emotions

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13
Q

Rumination

Attentional deployment

A

Refers to a perseveration focus on thoughts + feelings associated with negative emotion-eliciting event

–> increases the duration + intensity of negative emotions

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14
Q

Mindfulness

Attentional deployment

A

Purposefully paying attention to the present moment in a non-judgmental way

–> decreases negative emotions, increases happiness

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15
Q

Cogntive change

A

Refers to changing the way we think in order to change the way we feel

–> 4 types

  1. Self-efficacy appraisal
  2. Challenge + threat appraisals
  3. Positive reappraisal
  4. Acceptance
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16
Q

Self efficacy appraisal

Cognitive change

A

Being confident that one is able to deal with the situation

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17
Q

Challenge + threat appraisals

Cognitive change

A
  1. Seeing a threat an believing that one cannot conquer these threats
  2. Seeing a challenge and while weighing the gains + losses, choosing to focus on gains/being optimistic

–> challenge appraisals leas to less stress + less HPA axis activity

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18
Q 
Positive reappraisals
(Cognitve change)
A

Reapprasing a situation or ones response to it in a more positive way

–> lead to decrease in negative emotion

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19
Q

Acceptance

Cognitive change

A

Accepting ones situation or ones incapacity to deal with it/uncontrollablity

–> decreases negative emotions + pain

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20
Q

Response modulation

ER

A

Involves modulating ones response according to a situation

–> types

  1. Emotion sharing
  2. Verbal/Physical aggression
  3. Substance use
  4. Expressive suppression
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21
Q

Emotion sharing

Response modulation

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A

Expressing ones emotions in a socially shared language

–> sharing per se does not foster emotion recovery

BUT: still beneficial to mental health due to indirect effects

e.g. reinforcement of social bonds, transference of affection + warmth

22
Q

Verbal/physical aggression

Response modulation

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A

Whilst expressing emotions is generally benefial for mental + physical health

BUT: hostility leads to

  1. exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity in response to provocative stressors
  2. Heart disease
  3. Detrimental for social relationships
23
Q

Substance use

(Response modulation

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A

Moderate alcohol consumption can have health benefits

BUT: excessive consumption has poor effects on mental + physical health

24
Q

Expressive suppression

Response modulation

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A

Inhibiting the behavioral expression of unwanted emotions

e.g. hiding anger

BUT:
1. rarely changes the negative emotion experience

  1. increases activity of cardiovascular system

–> decreases well-being

25
Emotional intelligence tradition | EI
Places emphasis on individual differences rather than on basic processes --> people scoring high on EI tests are believed to are good in regulating their emotions
26
When are individuals said to be emotionally intelligent ?
When they are able to carefully review the context before deeding whether + how they should regulate their emotion
27
The Tripartite model of EI consists of 3 levels. Name them.
1. Knowledge - -> do i know how to 2. Abilities - -> am i able to 3. Traits - -> do i typically ... express my emotions constructively ?
28
EI and situation modification
High trait EI individuals 1. more likely to modify the situation + take action to change things 2. No more able than others to await appropriate opportunity before taking action 3. More willing to seek help from friends + express both negative and positive emotions
29
EI and cognitive change
Higher trait EI individuals 1. greater use of reappraisal strategies 2. less denial strategies 3. accepting life events more easily
30
EI and attentional deployment
High trait EI individuals 1. more mindful attention awareness and pay greater, non-judgmental attention to sit. 2. less ruminating
31
EI and response modulation
Negative relationship between EI & most response modulation strategies
32
What are the strongest + most consistent positive predictors of academic performance ?
1. General ability 2. prior achievement 3. Conscientiousness 4. Academic self-efficacy 5. Effort regulation Emotional intelligence ??
33
Negative predictors of academic performance
1. Procrastination 2. Avoidance goal orientations 3. Test anxiety Emotional intelligence ??
34
First theoretical model of EI | Salovey + Mayer
EI is a set of interrelated cognitive-emotional abilities --> consists of a 3 branch hierarchy 1. appraisal + expression 2. regulation 3. utilization of emotions
35
The ability EI | Petrides, Furnham
EI is a constellation of cognitive-emoitonal abilities that are located in frameworks of human intelligence --> measured through maximum performance tests THUS: different from TEI (Trait emotional intelligence)
36
Trait emotional intelligence | TEI
Refers to a constellation of emotional self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies --> integrates the affective aspects of personality
37
TEI theory
Suggests I. that TEI is a personality construct located in remaining constructs of human personality II. a multidimensional hierarchical representation of TEI 1. Primary level traits a) sociability b) self-control c) emotionality d) depositional well-being 2. Finite affective-motivational traits 3. Self-perceptions
38
Explanations for possible relations between TEI + achievement can be organized into 3 groups. Name them
1. Cognitive processes - -> better cognitive functioning due to less negative emotions 2. Motivational processes - -> more self-control 3. Interpersonal processes - -> better at coordinating social relationships
39
What did empirical evidence show on the relations between TEI + achievement ?
Relation may be due to an indirect pathway --> found that higher TEI was indirectly associated with better achievement via 1. engagement coping strategies 2. academic engagement linked serially in a three-path mediated pathway (also direct links found though) BUT: the 3 factors show there is positive relation and there may negative too
40
What is high EI generally associated with ?
1. Improved mental health 2. Better social problem solving 3. Superior relationship quality 4. Enhanced academic + job performance
41
Bar-On's Mixed model
Ei refers to an array of non-cognitive abilities --> these influence an individuals adaptive success by shaping his/her interpretation + response to environmental demand and pressures.
42
Integrative model of EI | Salovey + Mayer
EI refers to the junction of a set of emotional abilities that enable individuals 1. to carry out accurate reasoning about emotions 2. to use emotions + emotional knowledge to enhance thought
43
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test | MSCEIT
Refers to a performance/ability-based measure of emotional intelligence --> measures how well participants perform tasks + solve problems related to emotions
44
Why is the MSCEIT(ability-based model) usually favored ?
Since in intelligence research performance based approaches attempt to objectively isolate maximum performance (ability here)
45
Alexithymia
Refers to a condition characterized by diminished emotional awareness --> difficulty describing ones emotions to others
46
Emotional awareness
Refers to the conscious experience of discrete emotional states --> "feeligns"
47
Which brain regions play a significant role in emotional awareness ?
1. Anterior Insula (AI) 2. ACC 3. vmPFC
48
Why is the conjoint activity of the AI + ACC thought to play a critical role in the generation of subjective emotional experience ?
Because, the AI sends signals about state of ones own body to ACC to initiate selection + planning of motor/nonmotor responses to emotional events
49
Which brain regions play a role in emotion recognition ?
1. Amygdala 2. vmPFC 3. Somatosensory cortex 4. Insula 5. ACC
50
Wich brain regions play a role in affective ToM ?
vmPFC
51
Which brain regions are consequently part of the emotion network ?
1. vmPFC 2. Unsula 3. Amygdala 3. ACC

Motivation & Emotion (8 decks)

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