Problem Solving And Reasoning Flashcards by Harold Glenn Tagalog Acera

Q

it is the process of reaching a general conclusion by examining specific examples.

A

Inductive reasoning

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Q

Inductive reasoning is the process of reaching a general conlusion by examining specific _________

A

Examples

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Q

It is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying general assumptions, procedures, or principles.

A

Deductive reasoning

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Q

Deductive reasoning is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying general __________, ________, or ________.

A

assumptions, procedures, or principles.

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Q

Logic is not the study of ________and __________ rhetorical devices

A

persuasion
Manipulative

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Q

‘______________’ does not mean persuasive argument

A

Successful Arguement

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Q

Human fallibility and manipulative rhetoric lead people to:

A

accept poor reasoning
reject good reasoning

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Q

Remember, in a successful argument if the premises are true, then the conclusion is either guaranteed to be _____or likely to be _____

A

true

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Q

The science of correct reasoning.

A

Logic

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Q

The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts.

A

Reasoning

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Q

It can either be inductive or deductive.

A

Reasoning

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Q

It uses facts, rules, definitions or properties to arrive at a conclusion.

A

deductive reasoning

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Q

it uses patterns to arrive at a conclusion (conjecture)

A

inductive reasoning

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Q

In Deductive Reasoning,

TRUE PREMISE + TRUE PREMISE =

A

TRUE CONCLUSION

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Q

In Inductive Reasoning,

TRUE PREMISE + TRUE PREMISE =

A

PROBABLY TRUE CONCLUSION

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Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

You are a good student.
You get 90+.
Therefore your friends must get all 90+ too.

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A

INDUCTIVE

Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

Ninety percent of humans are right handed.
Edryshe is human, therefore Edryshe is right handed.

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A

DEDUCTIVE

Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

What is the measure of angle x?

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A

DEDUCTIVE

Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

Geometry example…
What is the next figure in the sequence?

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A

INDUCTIVE

Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

All oranges are fruits.
All fruits grow on trees.
Therefore, all oranges grow on trees.

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A

DEDUCTIVE

Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

Diding hails from Visayas and Visayans are accented in their mother tongue when they speak English.
Therefore, Diding is accented.

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A

INDUCTIVE

Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

Argument 1: The sum of two odd integers is an even number.
m and n are odd integers
Thus, m + n is even.

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A

DEDUCTIVE

Argument 1 uses the deductive form of reasoning in drawing a specific
statement from a general principle.

Q

Inductive or Deductive Reasoning?

Argument 2: 3 + 5 = 8, 7 + 11 = 18, and 9 + 21 = 30
Therefore, the sum of two odd integers is even.

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A

INDUCTIVE

As can be observed, the premise consists of specific cases while the
conclusion is just a generalization of what is claimed in the premise.

Q

POLYA’S PROBLEM - SOLVING STRATEGY

One of the recent mathematicians who outlined a strategy for solving
problems from virtually any discipline is ___________(1887 – 1985).

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A

George Polya

George Polya Year

(1887 – 1985).

In his book, “_____________”

“How to Solve It”

A great _____ solves a great _________ but there is a grain of _______ in the __________ of any problem. Your problem may be __________ ; but it challenges your ________ and brings into play your inventive _______ , and if you solve it by your own means, you may experience the __________ and triumph of ______.”

discovery problem discovery solution modest curiosity faculties tension discovery

Father of problem-solving.

George Polya

POLYA’S FOUR - STEP PROBLEM - SOLVING STRATEGY

1. Understand the problem 2. Devise a plan 3. Carry out the plan 4. Review the solution

POLYA’S FOUR - STEP PROBLEM - SOLVING STRATEGY This part of the problem-solving is sometimes (if not always) neglected. In order to solve a problem, one must first know what is being asked, and what information or data can be extracted from what is given. You can state the problem in your own words.

Understand the problem

POLYA’S FOUR - STEP PROBLEM - SOLVING STRATEGY Think of strategies to solve the problem. - listing, tabulating - drawing a diagram - guessing then proving if your answers (guesses) are correct

Devise a plan

POLYA’S FOUR - STEP PROBLEM - SOLVING STRATEGY Implementing the strategy chosen (in the second step) until the problem is solved.

Carry out the plan

POLYA’S FOUR - STEP PROBLEM - SOLVING STRATEGY Counter checking if your answers are correct.

Review the solution