Problems in Liberal Italy 1911-14

Question 1

What was the percentage of North South wealth divide in 1910?

Answer 1

Northern Italy had 48% of nations wealth
South had 27%

Question 2

the Italian economy remained weaker than other countries

Question 3

Where were most industries based in Italy?

Answer 3

Turin, Milan, Genoa

Question 4

How much did Turn Milan and Genoa account for Italys industrial income?

Answer 4

55%

Question 5

What did Nitti try and encourage to improve the south?

Answer 5

free trade but still damaged the south

Question 6

Who benefitted from agriculture?

Answer 6

The north benefitted from new crops + wheat production increased- Po Valley was rich

Question 7

where did disease and drought afflict?

Answer 7

the south

Question 8

Poverty was caused by a weak economy especially in the…?

Answer 8

south

Question 9

what widespread diseases affected Italy?

Answer 9

Malaria and colera

Question 10

how many Italians were illiterate in 1900?

Answer 10

69%

Question 11

Where did many southern Italians emigrate to for a better life ? How many?

Answer 11

America
Between 1912-13= 1.5 million

Question 12

What economic reforms did Giolitti introduce?

Answer 12

Pensions schemes and sickness pay

Question 13

what age did he raise the minimum working age to?

Answer 13

12

Question 14

what did he provide free treatment for?

Answer 14

malaria

Question 15

By 1911 how much did illiteracy rates fall by?

Answer 15

37.6%

Question 16

Why were Giolitti’s economic reforms limited?

Answer 16

Not all workers lives improved and by 1911 many socialists and catholic unions had been formed leading to Giolitti trying to include socialists into his political alliances

Question 17

What was transformismo?

Answer 17

When Giolitti attempted to bring newly important political groups into his gov. socialists and Catholics

Question 18

Who did Giolitti try and appeal to?

Answer 18

1. The socialists- PSI- had won 20% of vote in 1909- BUT the socialists who did join his gov were criticised from radicals who were not prepared to work with G.
2. PPI- Catholic party- had become more influential in local gov by 1911 so Giolitti entered an alliance with Catholic deputies but did not form a full coalition.
3. Nationalists ANI- est. in 1910 and by 1914 had gained lots of support- they hated G’s foreign policy- wanted a greater army, colonial expansion, strong police powers. ANI were angry with G who seemed to be working with PSI (catholics) too.

Question 19

When did Italy invade Libya?

Answer 19

Sep 1911

Question 20

Why did they invade Libya?

Answer 20

humiliating defeat at Adowa in 1896- halted colonial expansion and ambitions.
BUT also because they wanted to assert their territorial claims there and worried about French expansion into Morocco.

Question 21

Why did the Libyan war contribute to Italys early problems?

Answer 21

Although Turks surrendered Libya to Italy- Italy still had to keep troops there as the Libyans continued to resist Italian control.

-War cost 1,300 million lira and 3,500 Italians died.
-Led to a fall in Italian crop prices
-Led to extension of the franchise

Question 22

Who became more critical of the gov?

Answer 22

PSI and ANI

Question 23

what was 1912 a period of?

Answer 23

instability

Question 24

Why were the nationalists annoyed with Giolitti?

Answer 24

Felt like the Liberals were not dealing with threat from PSI
-Extension of the franchise did not lead to more conservative votes

Question 25

Why was Giolitti reliant on Catholic party from 1913?

Answer 25

Liberals won fewer seats so G more reliant of Catholic party to make an alliance but this meant that radicals and PSI would not work with him.

Question 26

When did Giolitti resign?

Answer 26

1914- signalled the failure and collapse of his coalition and transformismo.