Procaryotic Cell Structure

Question 0

Cocci

Answer 0

Pairs
Fours (tetrads)
Stacked tetrads
Grape like clusters
Chains

Question 1

Bacteria- living organisms?

Answer 1

Yes
Breakdown and take in raw materials
Make proteins, carbohydrates, lipids etc
Have bacterial DNA

Question 2

Rods

Answer 2

Singles
Chains
Vibrios- curved rods

Question 3

Spirals

Answer 3

Spirochete- thin, flexible spiral rods

Spirilla- thick rigid spiral rods

Question 4

Other bacteria shapes

Answer 4

Flat bacteria

Pleiomorphic- no particular shape

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

Lipid bilayer, essential, selectively permeable barrier

Question 6

Cytoplasmic matrix

Answer 6

Contains everything between plasma membrane and nucleoid

Question 7

Inclusion bodies

Answer 7

Granules of organic or inorganic material

—storage granules, gas vacuoles

Question 8

Nucleoid

Answer 8

Irregular shape, no membrane, contains specific RNA associated with DNA

Question 9

Cell wall of bacteria

Answer 9

Defines shape, major component= peptidoglycan

Protects from osmotic lysis ( hypotonic conditions) and toxic chemicals

Question 10

Gram + bacteria

Answer 10

Thick peptidoglycan layer
Plasma membrane
Tie choice acid
Lipoteichoic acid
Peri plasmid space

Question 11

Gram - bacteria

Answer 11

Lipopolysaccharide layer
Porin
Brauns lipoprotein
Periplasmic space
Peptidoglycan layer ( thin)
Plasma membrane

Question 12

Passive diffusion

Answer 12

High to low
Moves across membrane because of non specific interactions with transporter proteins
No energy
Water molecules

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

Low to high
Requires a transporter protein that specifically moves molecule
Requires ATP
Na+ K+

Question 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 14

High to low
Specifically moves molecule
No energy
Amino acid molecules

Question 15

Porins

Answer 15

Homotrimetric, transmembrane proteins, only on outer membrane of gram - bacteria

Allow passive diffusion of small hydrophillic salutes

Question 16

Lipopolysaccarides

Answer 16

Found on outer membrane of gram - cells

Immune function, avoids hosts defenses

Question 17

Protoplasts

Answer 17

Gram + cells

Cell lacking cell wall after treatment with lysozyme

Question 18

Spheroplast

Answer 18

Gram - cells

Has some cell wall remaining

Question 19

Glycocalyx

Answer 19

“Slime”
Protection, pathogenicity, attachment
If organized= capsule
Unorganized= slime layer

Question 20

Fimbriae

Answer 20

Attach to rocks

Short hairlike appendages

Question 21

Pili ( sex pili)

Answer 21

Specialized structures, genetically determined, exchange of genetic material

Question 22

Patterns of flagella distribution

Answer 22

Monotrichous polar O~
Amphitrichous ~O~
Lophotrichous O«<
Peritrichous&raquo_space;»O««

Flagella made of flagellin

Question 23

Spores

Answer 23

Bacillus and clostridium are the most common

Live in soil, if it drys out bacteria make spores, spores germinate when conditions improve

Question 24

Sporulation

Answer 24

Condense DNA, some ribosomes, and thick protective layers | Spore coat prevents desiccation