Procedural Sedation

Question 1

Minimal Sedation is AKA.

Answer 1

Anxiolysis

Question 2

Minimally depressed level of consciousness that retains the patient’s ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and respond normally to tactile and verbal command.

Answer 2

Minimal sedation

Question 3

Moderate sedation is AKA

Answer 3

Conscious sedation

Question 4

A depression of consciousness in which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation.
No interventions are needed to maintain a patent airway and spontaneous ventilation is adequate.

Answer 4

Conscious sedation

Question 5

Patients cannot be easily aroused but respond after repeated or painful stimulation.
May need help maintaining an airway.
CV is usually maintained.

Answer 5

Deep sedation.

Question 6

Patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation.

Can’t maintain airway or CV on their own.

Answer 6

General anesthesia.

Question 7

These types of sedation are used for procedural sedation an analgesia.

Answer 7

Minimal (anxiolysis) and moderate (conscious sedation) sedation.

Question 8

The measurement of CO2 in the air you breathe out.

Answer 8

Capnography

Question 9

Standard of care for all levels of office-based anesthesia or sedation.

Answer 9

Capnography

Question 10

T/F: Capnography is always done when a patient is under procedural sedation.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Properties of ________:

Anxiolysis
Sedation
Amnesia

Answer 11

BZD’s

Question 12

Properties of _____:

Analgesia
Drowsiness
Sedation

Answer 12

Opioids

Question 13

Most common IV SEDATION

Answer 13

Fentanyl + Midazolam

Question 14

BDZ with the shortest duration of action and most commonly used in procedural sedation anesthesia.

Answer 14

Midazolam

Question 15

BDZ MOA

Answer 15

Allosteric modulation at GABA-A receptor to increase GABA binding.

Question 16

Pregnancy Category of Midazolam

Answer 16

D

Question 17

Midazolam side effects

Answer 17

Behavioral changes
Nausea
Vomiting

Question 18

Most commonly used inhaled anesthetics.

Answer 18

Nitrous and Sevoflurane

Question 19

Has the lowest blood: gas partition coefficient, so it has the fastest onset of all inhalation anesthetics.

Answer 19

Nitrous

Question 20

How are blood:gas partition coefficients related?

Answer 20

The lower the blood:gas partition coefficient, the faster the onset.

Question 21

T/F: At doses typically provided by dental sedation units (0.1-0.5 MAC), respiratory and CV functions are minimally affected.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/f: Low solubility of sevoflurane (and NO) facilitates rapid induction and elimination via the lungs following discontinuation of anesthesia).

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Commonly used for intravenous GENERAL anesthesia

Answer 23

Propofol and Ketamine

Question 24

Causes dissociative anesthesia.

Answer 24

Ketamine

Question 25

Most commonly used IV anesthetic

Answer 25

Propofol

Question 26

Anesthesia for wisdom teeth extraction usually include the following:

Answer 26

BDZ like Medazolam

Narcotic like fenatnyl or meperidine

Hypnotic drug like propofol, ketamine or methohexital.

Local anesthetics, and may also supplement IV sedation with inhaled nitrous.

Question 27

What’s the advantage of using BDZ’s and opioids?

Answer 27

BDZ’s have Flumazenil antagonist if there’s an overdose.

Opioids have Naloxone if there’s an overdose.

Question 28

Opioids provide _____.

Answer 28

analgesia