procedures equipment instruments materials for restorative treatment

Question 1

what is Irreversible Hydrocolloid?

Answer 1

alginate

Question 2

what is the primary function of a lining material?

Answer 2

to reduce post operative sensitivity

Question 3

what is an overactive thyroid gland which tends to increase the overall metabolic rate of a patient, including the heart rate?

Answer 3

hyperthyroidism

Question 4

what are the three commonly used temporary filling materials used?

Answer 4

zinc oxide and eugenol cement
Zinc phosphate cement
zinc polycarboxylate cement

Question 5

when is amalgam used?

Answer 5

in posterior teeth where strength and longevity are more important than aesthetics

Question 6

when is composite used?

Answer 6

for anterior teeth for aesthetics

Question 7

what is the new generation composite being used for?

Answer 7

posterior restorations

Question 8

why is glass ionomer used for children?

Answer 8

because it releases fluoride

Question 9

what does a class I cavity involve?

Answer 9

a single surface in a pit or fissure such as (posterior)

• occlusal
• buccal
• lingual

Question 10

what does a class II cavity involve?

Answer 10

at least two surfaces of a posterior tooth and the occlusal surface of a molar or pre molar

• MO in a pre molar
• MOD in molar

Question 11

what does a class III cavity involve?

Answer 11

the mesial or distal surface of an incisor or canine

Question 12

what are class IV cavities?

Answer 12

same as class III but extend to involve the incised edge

Question 13

what are class V cavities?

Answer 13

involve the cervical margin of any tooth.

Question 14

what is removed before a filling is placed?

Answer 14

all plaque biofilm and soft carious dentine

Question 15

what will increase or decrease the longevity of the filling?

Answer 15

plaque biofilm control and diet

Question 16

what is a right angle probe used for? (3)

Answer 16

• feel cavity margins
• feel softened dentine within the cavity
• detect overhangs

Question 17

what are excavators used for? (1)

Answer 17

used to scoop out softened dentine

Question 18

what is an amalgam plugger used for? (2)

Answer 18

• push filling materials into the cavity

- forcing excess mercury to surface for removal during carving

Question 19

what are burnishers used for?(1)

Answer 19

• adapt cavity margins fully against the cavity margins to prevent leakage

Question 20

what is a flat plastic used for? (2)

Answer 20

• remove excess filling material

- create a shaped surface so its not a food trap

Question 21

what are college tweezers used for?

Answer 21

• to pick up or hold any items

Question 22

what is a gingival margin trimmer used for?

Answer 22

• to trim the margin of the cavity

- burs are used

Question 23

what is an enamel chisel used for?

Answer 23

• remove any unsupported enamel from cavity edges

Question 24

what are lining materials used for?

Answer 24

• to protect the pulp against chemical irritation

Question 25

what is an example of a common lining material?

Answer 25

-calcium hydroxide liners

Question 26

what are bases used for?

Answer 26

- placed in deeper cavities to protect the pulp

Question 27

what are examples of bases?(3)

Answer 27

- zinc oxide and eugenol cements - zinc phosphate cements - zinc polycarboxylate cements

Question 28

what are the main reasons for moisture control?(5)

Answer 28

- protect patients airways - ensure patient is comfortable during treatment - allow the dentist good visibility to the area - allow the restorative materials to set correctly - avoid uncontrolled loss of materials

Question 29

what are the main methods of moisture control?(5)

Answer 29

- high speed suction - low speed suction - absorbant materials (cotton wool rolls) - rubber dam - 3 in 1 air

Question 30

what are round burs used for?

Answer 30

gaining access to cavities and low speed for removing caries

Question 31

what are pear burs used for?

Answer 31

shaping and smoothing cavities

Question 32

what are fissure burs used for?

Answer 32

shaping and outlining the cavity

Question 33

what are polishing burs used for?

Answer 33

smoothing cavity margins and trimming fillings

Question 34

what are the advantages of zinc oxide and eugenol?

Answer 34

- cheap | - sedative to inflamed pulp

Question 35

what are the disadvantages of zinc oxide and eugenol?

Answer 35

- reacts with composites | - eugenol can burn soft tissues

Question 36

what are the advantages of zinc phosphate?

Answer 36

- sets quickly - sets hard - adhesive to dentine

Question 37

what are the disadvantages of zinc phosphate?

Answer 37

- irritant to pulp in deep cavity | - moisture sensitive

Question 38

what are the advantages of zinc polycarboxylate?

Answer 38

- most adhesive cement

Question 39

what are the disadvantages of zinc polycarbonate?

Answer 39

- sticks easily to instruments to difficult to place

Question 40

what are the two matrix systems?

Answer 40

- siqveland | - tofflemire

Question 41

what must spilt amalgam be smeared with?

Answer 41

- mercury absorbant paste

Question 42

what does the mercury absorbant paste contain?

Answer 42

- equal parts of calcium hydroxide and flowers of sulphur mixed into a paste with water

Question 43

what will large mercury spillages need?

Answer 43

- evacuate the premises and involve the local environmental health team

Question 44

who will be notified under RIDDOR of a mercury spillage?

Answer 44

- the health and safety executive

Question 45

when is a transparent matrix strip used?

Answer 45

anterior composite restorations

Question 46

when is a sectional matrix system used?

Answer 46

class II composite restorations

Question 47

what are the two types of etch?

Answer 47

- acid etch | - self etching

Question 48

what is a cervical foil matrix used for?

Answer 48

class V cavities

Question 49

what are the 5 main ingredients in LA?

Answer 49

- anaesthetic - sterile water - buffering agents - preservative - vasoconstrictor

Question 50

what is a buffering agent for in LA?

Answer 50

-maintains a neutral PH of the cartridge

Question 51

what's a preservative for in LA?

Answer 51

to give an adequate shelf life to the LA

Question 52

what's a vasoconstrictor for in LA?

Answer 52

closes the local blood vessels so it prolongs how long the LA works for

Question 53

what are the 5 common LA used?

Answer 53

- lidocaine - articaine - citanest - citanest plain - mepivacaine

Question 54

what two LA contain no vasoconstrictors?

Answer 54

- citanest plain | - mepivacaine

Question 55

what conditions can you not use a LA with adrenaline (vasoconstor)

Answer 55

- hypertension (high blood pressure) - cardiac disease - hyperthyroidism

Question 56

what LA cannot be given to a pregnant women?

Answer 56

citanest

Question 57

what is topical anaesthetic used for?

Answer 57

- scaling - fitting matrix and orthodontic bands - preventing gag reflex

Question 58

when an inferior dental nerve block is used where is the only area that isn't numbed?

Answer 58

buccal gum of lower molars

Question 59

where is an inferior dental nerve block injected?

Answer 59

over the mandibular foramen on the inner surface of the ramus of mandible

Question 60

what are two common blocks?

Answer 60

mental nerve block | posterior superior dental nerve block

Question 61

where does local infiltration numb?

Answer 61

the local gum

Question 62

what happens to the gum when an intraligamentary injection is used?

Answer 62

it blanches

Question 63

what treatment is an intraosseous injection typically used for?

Answer 63

extractions

Question 64

what is a intrapupal injection used for and when?

Answer 64

when the pulp is exposed and the patient is experiencing pain so it gets injected into the pulp chamber.