Process concept

Question 1

Term

Answer 1

Definition

Question 2

Signal

Answer 2

A software interrupt sent to a process to notify it of an event.

Question 3

Predefined signals

Answer 3

Standard signals defined by the operating system for process communication and control.

Question 4

Signal sets

Answer 4

A collection of signals that can be manipulated as a group.

Question 5

Exceptions

Answer 5

Unexpected or erroneous conditions detected during program execution.

Question 6

File descriptors

Answer 6

Identifiers used by the operating system to access files and I/O resources.

Question 7

Process

Answer 7

An instance of a program in execution, including its resources and execution context.

Question 8

Data of a process

Answer 8

The global variables and dynamically allocated memory used by a process.

Question 9

Heap of a process

Answer 9

A dynamically allocated memory region managed at runtime.

Question 10

Stack of a process

Answer 10

A memory segment storing function calls, local variables, and return addresses.

Question 11

Text of a process

Answer 11

The code segment containing the executable instructions of a process.

Question 12

Executable file

Answer 12

A file that contains machine code and can be executed by the operating system.

Question 13

Program counter

Answer 13

A CPU register that holds the address of the next instruction to execute.

Question 14

Process control block

Answer 14

A data structure maintained by the OS containing process-related information.

Question 15

Swapping

Answer 15

A memory management technique that moves processes between RAM and disk storage.

Question 16

Context of a process

Answer 16

The current state of a process, including registers, memory, and execution status.

Question 17

Parent process

Answer 17

A process that creates and manages child processes.

Question 18

Child process

Answer 18

A new process spawned by a parent process.

Question 19

Orphan process

Answer 19

A process whose parent has terminated, leaving it managed by the OS.

Question 20

Cascading termination

Answer 20

A situation where a parent’s termination forces the termination of its child processes.

Question 21

Independent process

Answer 21

A process that does not share resources or data with other processes.

Question 22

Cooperating process

Answer 22

A process that interacts and shares resources with other processes.

Question 23

Message passing IPC

Answer 23

A form of inter-process communication (IPC) using messages for data exchange.

Question 24

Shared memory IPC

Answer 24

A form of IPC where processes communicate by sharing a memory segment.

Question 25

Producer process

Answer 25

A process that generates and sends data to be consumed by another process.

Question 26

Consumer process

Answer 26

A process that receives and processes data produced by another process.

Question 27

Buffer in shared memory IPC

Answer 27

A memory region used for temporary data storage between processes.

Question 28

Unbounded buffer

Answer 28

A buffer with no size limit, allowing indefinite data storage.

Question 29

Bounded buffer

Answer 29

A buffer with a fixed size, restricting the amount of stored data.

Question 30

Direct communication

Answer 30

A method where processes explicitly reference each other for communication.

Question 31

Indirect communication

Answer 31

A method where processes communicate via an intermediary, such as a mailbox.

Question 32

Hard coding techniques IPC

Answer 32

Fixed, non-configurable methods for inter-process communication.

Question 33

Blocking message passing

Answer 33

A synchronization method where a sender or receiver waits until a message is delivered.

Question 34

Non-blocking message passing

Answer 34

A method where message sending or receiving occurs asynchronously.

Question 35

Rendezvous in message passing IPC

Answer 35

A synchronization mechanism ensuring both sender and receiver are ready before communication.

Question 36

Buffering in message passing

Answer 36

A technique where messages are stored temporarily before being processed.

Question 37

Zero capacity buffer

Answer 37

A buffer that does not store messages, requiring sender and receiver to synchronize immediately.

Question 38

Sockets

Answer 38

Endpoints for communication between processes over a network.

Question 39

Connection-oriented sockets

Answer 39

Sockets that establish a reliable connection before data transfer (e.g., TCP).

Question 40

Connectionless socket

Answer 40

Sockets that send and receive data without establishing a persistent connection (e.g., UDP).

Question 41

Stub

Answer 41

A placeholder function or code used to represent a remote procedure in RPC.

Question 42

Marshal parameter

Answer 42

The process of encoding and packaging data for transmission in remote procedure calls.

Question 43

Matchmaker daemon

Answer 43

A service that helps clients locate and connect to servers in distributed systems.

Question 44

Pipe

Answer 44

A unidirectional communication channel for data transfer between processes.

Question 45

Ordinary pipe

Answer 45

A pipe that facilitates communication between related processes (parent-child).

Question 46

Named pipe

Answer 46

A pipe with a specific name that allows communication between unrelated processes.