Process Safety Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is not a measure of effectiveness safety program?
A
HAZOP
2
Q
Lowest value on response vs dose curve is called ______.
A
Threshold Limit Value
3
Q
Identification, Evaluation and control are the phases of ______.
A
Industrial Hygiene
4
Q
Fire is rapid ______ of ignited fuel.
A
Exothermic oxidation
5
Q
______ is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases.
A
Explosion
6
Q
______ is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source.
A
Fire point
7
Q
An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building is known as ______.
A
Confined Explosion
8
Q
For material handling, which is the wrong statement ______.
A
Environmental risk assessments should not be available
9
Q
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with a safe working environment?
A
OSHA
10
Q
PHA stands for ______.
A
Process Hazard Analysis
11
Q
Which of the following is not a guide word of HAZOP?
A
NAND
12
Q
Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) is called ______.
A
Inerting
13
Q
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ______.
A
Under atmospheric pressure
14
Q
The ____________ process determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effects.
A
Hazard identification
15
Q
Hazard is defined as the probability of ______.
A
suffering harm or loss
16
Q
______ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
A
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
17
Q
For ______ the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound.
A
deflagration
18
Q
Static electricity is generated when ______.
A
mists or sprays pass through orifices
19
Q
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas is called ______.
A
Mechanical explosion
20
Q
The essential elements for ______ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source.
A
Fire triangle
21
Q
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
A
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference
22
Q
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with ______.
A
PPE
23
Q
ED stands for ______.
A
Effective dose
24
Q
Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals.
A
Toxicological
25
OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labor.
US
26
During the ______ phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied.
Evaluation
27
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to ______.
Prevent the release of HW
28
What are the steps involved in the evaluation of toxicity?
hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
29
___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor.
Toxicity assessment
30
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hazardous waste?
Leakage
31
Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ________.
Chronic toxicity
32
Which of the following chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
33
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide affect _________.
Nervous system
34
______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object.
Exposure
35
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a ______.
Safe workplace
36
OSHA was created to _________.
To reduce hazards
37
How is sensitivity analyzed in risk estimation?
By critical assumptions
38
An incident can be called hazardous only when?
Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems
39
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effect of toxins
40
Doses are expressed on a _________ basis.
Body-weight
41
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______.
Threshold
42
Which of the following valve is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
43
When did the Seveso accident occur?
1976
44
A waste to be called toxic, acute oral LD50 concentration should be _______ mg/kg.
2500
45
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long term exposure
46
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP is known as ______.
Operating pressure
47
Occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
48
For ______ the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound.
Deflagration
49
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas is ______.
Mechanical explosion
50
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with _________.
PPE
51
OSHA is part of the _________.
US
52
During the _______ phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied.
Evaluation
53
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to _______.
Prevent the release of HW
54
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short term exposure
55
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site
56
Hazard identification mainly focuses on ______.
Chemical source and concentration
57
Estimation of short-term and long-term exposure are usually in terms of ______.
Doses by exposure rate
58
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
59
The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _________.
Definitive
60
For existing chemicals, we should always consider ________ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration.
Reasonable worst case
61
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population
62
The FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their entire lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years.
FAR
63
What is the last step of the accident process?
Termination
64
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______.
A dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population
65
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure is called ______.
Blowdown
66
What is the most common approach used to assess skin exposure to a contaminant?
Using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin
67
The father of occupational medicine who said a doctor should always ask a patient of what trade are you is said to be ______.
Dr. Ramazzini
68
Who had a large influence on American OHS regulation in the early part of the 20th century, and who also wrote Exploring the Dangerous Trades?
Dr. Alice Hamilton
69
In what year did the US federal government first pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees?
1908
70
In what year was the first American state workers compensation act passed?
1911
71
This American federal act was the first known legal adoption of standards for allowable concentrations of chemicals in workplace air.
Waish-haeley Public Contract Act
72
The most well-known OELs are established by ______.
ACGIH
73
The ACGIH TLVs are ______.
science based
74
If three of the following are said to be exposure limits for chemical X, which one is likely to be the ceiling limit?
1000ppm
75
The definition of the ACGIH TLV_STELs refers to certain health effects that must be avoided. These do not include ______.
carcinogenicity
76
Which organization is widely recognized around the world as setting exposure limits for ionizing radiation?
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
77
Which is not an agent ACGIH sets standards for?
Ionizing radiation
78
Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace?
Fibers
79
Chemicals cause two main kinds of health effects: ______.
Local effects and poisoning
80
Who said it is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison?
Paracelsus
81
A dose-response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has ______.
a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve
82
If the dose-response curves of three chemicals are shown on the same graph, the one which intersects the x-axis (dose) at the lowest dose is ______.
the most poisonous
83
The most common type of LD50 test involves ______.
an oral dose
84
For any given chemical, a high LD50 value generally means ______.
Low toxicity
85
Which statement about ingestion as a route of entry into the workers body by workplace chemicals is incorrect?
ingestion is usually a significant way in which chemicals gain entry into the body
86
The two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are ______.
Information and corrosion
87
An example of a workplace chemical that can damage the kidneys specifically is ______.
Lead salts
88
Which is not a chemical known to specifically damage the kidney?
vinyl chloride
89
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures?
radiological
90
Which chemical is known to specifically damage the kidney?
Lead salts
## Footnote
Lead salts are known nephrotoxins.
91
Which chemical is not known to specifically damage the kidney?
Vinyl chloride
## Footnote
Vinyl chloride is primarily associated with liver damage.
92
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures?
Radiological
## Footnote
The four main types are mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological.
93
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall Protection
94
What is the leading cause of death on construction sites?
Falls
95
Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard?
Reactivity
## Footnote
The main chemical-related health hazards are carcinogenicity, corrosivity, and toxicity.
96
Rubber insulating gloves need to be tested:
Before first use and then every 6 months
97
Which of the following is not a measure of effectiveness of a safety program?
HAZOP
## Footnote
HAZOP is a hazard identification technique, not a measure of effectiveness.
98
Lowest value on response vs dose curve is called...
Threshold Limit Value
99
Identification, Evaluation and control are the phases of...
Industrial Hygiene
100
Fire is rapid _______ of ignited fuel.
Exothermic Oxidation
101
What is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner?
Explosion
102
What is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source?
Fire point
103
An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building is known as?
Confined Explosion
104
Which statement about material handling is wrong?
Environmental risk assessments should not be available.
105
PHA stands for?
Process Hazard Analysis
106
The reliability analysis in the process industry is done by which of the following?
Fault Tree Analysis
107
Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) is called?
Inerting
108
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ________.
Under atmospheric pressure
109
The ____________ process determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effect.
Hazard identification
110
What occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures?
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
111
For ________, the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound.
deflagration
112
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas is called?
Mechanical explosion
113
The essential elements for _____ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source.
Fire triangle
114
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference.
115
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with _____
PPE
116
ED stands for?
Effective dose
117
Eco-toxicology is based on _____ of chemicals.
Toxicological
118
OSHA is part of the _____ department of labor.
United States (US)
119
During the _____ phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied.
Evaluation
120
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to _____
Prevent the release of HW
121
What are the steps involved in evaluation of toxicity?
hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
122
Which chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
123
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide affect ________.
Nervous system
124
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a _____
Safe workplace
125
OSHA was created to _____
To reduce hazards
126
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
127
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP, is known as?
Operating pressure
128
Which of the following is not a measure of effectiveness of a safety program?
HAZOP
129
Identification, evaluation and control are the phases of...
Industrial hygiene
130
Fire is rapid _____ of ignited fuel.
Exothermic oxidation
131
_____ is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases.
Explosion
132
_____ is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source.
Fire point
133
An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building known as _____.
Confined explosion
134
For material handling, which is wrong statement?
Environmental risk assessments should not be available.
135
PHA stands for...
Process Hazard Analysis
136
Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC).
Inerting
137
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas...
Under atmospheric pressure
138
The _____ process determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effect.
Hazard identification
139
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable contamination on site
140
Hazard identification mainly focuses on...
Chemical source and concentration
141
Estimation of short-term and long-term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
142
Which of the following risk assessment tools is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
143
What is the final stage of risk assessment?
Risk characterization
144
The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _____
Definitive
145
For existing chemicals, we should always consider _____ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration.
Reasonable worst case
146
The _____ reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their lifetime.
FAR
147
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for _____
A dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population.
148
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure is known as?
Blowdown
