Processes in the water cycle

Question 1

What is the hydrosphere

Answer 1

liquid water on earths surface, oceans lakes ect

Question 2

What percentage of global water is stored in the hydrosphere

Answer 2

96.5%

Question 3

what’s the cryosphere

Answer 3

frozen area of the planet eg glaciers and ice sheets

Question 4

what percentage of global water is stored in cryosphere

Answer 4

1.7%

Question 5

What’s the lithosphere

Answer 5

solid outer part of earths crust, rock

Question 6

where and how much water is stored in lithosphere

Answer 6

1.7% , in aquifers ect(in rocks)

Question 7

How is water stored in the atmosphere

Answer 7

water vapour and clouds

Question 8

how much water is stored in the atmosphere

Answer 8

0.001%

Question 9

what are surface stores of water

Answer 9

water stored in lakes and river channels

Question 10

what is groundwater

Answer 10

water stored within porous rock underground

Question 11

what is the water table

Answer 11

upper level of saturated rock

Question 12

what’s interception

Answer 12

leaves, stems, and trunks can stop water from reaching the ground and temporarily hold water

Question 13

what’s absorption

Answer 13

vegetation takes up water through the root system

Question 14

what type of system is a drainage basin

Answer 14

open system

Question 15

what type of system is the water cycle

Answer 15

closed system

Question 16

precipitation (input)

Answer 16

any form of water falling from the atmosphere to the earths surface including rain snow sleet and hail

Question 17

evaporation (output)

Answer 17

sun heats surface of water (eg rivers and lakes) changing it from liquid to water vapour (gas)

Question 18

transpiration (output)

Answer 18

water released from plants into the air. forms evapotranspiration when combined with evaporation

Question 19

condensation (input/output)

Answer 19

water vapour in the air cools, reaching the dew point, and changes into liquid water which leads to cloud formation

Question 20

TRANSFER: surface run off

Answer 20

Water flowing over the Earth’s surface (overland flow) – when ground is waterlogged or impermeable.

Question 21

TRANSFER: infiltration

Answer 21

Downward movement of water into soil – affected by soil type, vegetation, land use, etc

Question 23

TRANSFER: percolation

Answer 23

Downward movement of water through rocks underground – important for replenishing
groundwater stores.

Question 24

TRANSFER through flow

Answer 24

Horizontal movement of water through soil to return to a river, can be accelerated by
plant roots or animal activity.

Question 25

TRANSFER groundwater flow (base flow)

Answer 25

Slow, horizontal flow of water through sub-surface rock – helps maintain river flow during dry periods.

Question 26

TRANSFER stem flow

Answer 26

Water dripping from leaves or flowing down stems and trunks to reach the ground.

Question 27

TRANSFER channel flow

Answer 27

Movement of water within the river channel – driven by gravity and influenced by channel gradient, shape, and roughness.

Question 28

What's frontal rainfall and where is it common

Answer 28

-Occurs when two air masses of different temperatures meet. - warmer, less dense air is forced to rise over the cooler, denser air. -As the warm air rises, it cools and condenses to form clouds, leading to rainfall. -Common in mid-latitude regions – associated with weather fronts and prolonged periods of rain.

Question 29

What is convectional rainfall, where's it common, what's associated with it

Answer 29

-Occurs when the ground is heated by the sun, causing warm air to rise rapidly. -As the air rises, it cools and condenses to form clouds, leading to heavy rain. -Common in tropical regions and during summer months in temperate areas – associated with thunderstorms and heavy downpours.

Question 30

What's orographic rainfall

Answer 30

-Orographic (Relief) Rainfall -Occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain range. - As the air ascends, it cools and condenses to form clouds, resulting in precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. -The windward side receives heavy rainfall, while the leeward side (rain shadow) remains dry. -Common in mountainous regions