processes of forgetting and remembering Flashcards
(19 cards)
retrieval failure
the inability to consciously recall information stored in the LTM store due to the absence of retrieval cues that can trigger memory retrieval
interference
when info in LTM cannot be retrieved due to it being disrupted by other similar information
proactive interference
when old information interferes with new information
eg. trying to learn french but keep saying Italian which you learnt before
retroactive interference
when new information interferes with old
eg. forgetting an old password
motivated forgetting
intentional or unintentional suppression of memories from conscious awareness to minimise emotional distress
repression
involuntary process
supression
on purpose, deliberate effort to forget an event
decay theory
theory that suggests memories fade over time
- memory traces between sensory register and STM fade over time
- cannot alone cause forgetting
measures of retention
recall
recognition
relearning
three types of recall
free recall: retrieving as much information as possible in any order and with no prompts
serial recall: recalling information in the order it was encoded
cued recall: retrieving information after being given a prompt to trigger memory
recognition
the ability to identify previously stored information by matching stimuli to stored memories
selecting the correct information out of a list of distractors
relearning
reacquirig knowledge or skills that were previouslty learned but may have begun to decay overtime
levels of processing
shallow- structural and phonemic
deep- semantic
shallow processing
encodes information based on its physical attributes
done through maintenance rehearsal
structural: based on appearance
phonemic: how it sounds
deep processing
semantic encoding: attaches meaning to the information/ linking it to personal experiences
- elaborative rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal - strengths and weaknesses
- repeating information a number or times to keep it in STM
strength: can extend the duration of STM, effective with meaningless information
weakness: easily interrupted, limited effectiveness in encoding into LTM
elaborative rehearsal- strenghts and weaknesses
- attaching meaning to information to increase the likelihood it will be stored in LTM
strength: increases chance of storage and retrieval from LTM, increases deeper understanding
weaknesses: takes longer than maintenance rehearsal, requires a more conscious effort
CTE
- chronic traumatic encephalopathy
progressive brain disease associated with repeated traumatic brain injuries - causes the brain to produce extra tau protein
emotional- depression
behaviour- increased aggresion
Alzheimers disease
- genetic disease, degeneration of neurons in regions of the brain that are involved in cognitive skills and memory formation and retrieval
