processing of blood

Question 1

what is the role of the IBTS and what does it stand for

Answer 1

Irish Blood transfusion service
advertising campaigns - promotion of corporate relationships and presentations to businesses, student groups and campaigns
retaining donors- awards for x achieved blood donations

Question 2

How does the IBTS achieve all success [methods of tech used]

Answer 2

website- offers emails, calendars, info about clinics and other information
Text- reminds donors of when a clinic is in area
Blood for life week - increase awareness
Educational Videos

Question 3

Donor Selection process should do? x3

Answer 3

Protect donor and recipient
Be confidential
follow recommended guidelines

Question 4

Where is blood taken x3

Answer 4

Mobile clinics
Fixed Donor clinics - cork + Dublin
Workplace clinics

Question 5

What is the selection criteria for the donor is it paid?

Answer 5

Good physical health based on - survey + visual assessment and selected lab tests - unpaid

Question 6

what tests are done on donor blood

Answer 6

ABO grouping - all donations- reagents=controlled, usually automated, reverse + forward should match + be done, match previous donations
RhD- done on all blood using anti-D reagent - a reagent detects RhD*vi antigen
appropriate control used - weak D testing done on all Rh neg blood
Antibody Screen - detects unexpected antibodies in plasma & clinically significant antibodies
Testing for disease - HIV I & II
HTLV I & II, Hepatitis -B & C, syphilis.
further testing done - specific for certain patients
i.e. testing for cytomegalovirus on blood for neonates

Question 7

Identification for each donor includes? x5

Answer 7

DOB, date of donation, name, sex, address

Question 8

physical examination includes?

Answer 8

General appearance + haemoglobin [specific blood gravity is measured- drop added to copper sulfate- time taken to fall is recorded-longer to fall indicates less haemoglobin in RBC possible anaemia

Question 9

what is a phlebotomy- what x3 if important + associated with this what’s a V?- what is first observed. volume of blood collected? sample bag = labelled with?- double check?- care offered to donor

Answer 9

collection of blood by trained person- ensure aseptic technique is used, sterile closed system [blood sample bottle], unique ID for each donation - used through whole process. puncturing of vein to redraw blood- how fast blood is flowing - once good flow bag is mixed regularly- if not good flow blood can’t be used due to possible clots- 470mls - same ID as bag- ID match for unit bag, sample tubes, medical record- written instructions + monitored for whole procedure for any reactions

Question 10

how is the medical history obtained

Answer 10

detailed questionnaire
- protects donor + recipient - sample handouts also provided

Question 11

Processing of donor units name main x2

Answer 11

1. blood is filtered - removes any WBC
2. blood is separated into components- RBC + additive solution [preserves life of RBC], platelets, plasma, others

Question 12

other types of donations x2?

Answer 12

1.Autologous donations- blood for own person - preoperative, intraoperative or postoperative -blood salvage
2. directed donations - person donating picks who will receive blood i.e. family member - available in some jurisdictions

Question 13

what is haemapheresis /apheresis - how is it done give 3 e.g.s

Answer 13

when a component of blood is removed, and remainder is transfused back into donor/patient- automated equipment or manually
Plasmapheresis- collection of plasma
Plateletpheresis - collection of plasma - better than single plasma collection
Leucapheresis- short expiry

Question 14

when r anticoagulants used? what was the first anticoagulant and purpose how did this happen
what was the second anticoagulant used and 3rd plastic bags and CPDA-1 were discovered what does it stand for & what’s it purpose- what biochemical changes happen during blood storage

Answer 14

used when blood is collected for direct or indirect transfusions - sodium citrate- stopped blood from clotting as citrate binds to the calcium preventing blood clot. Citrate dextrose the dextrose provides energy to RBC- 3rd acid citrate dextrose acid extends shelf life- citrate phosphate dextrose adednine-1 allows blood to be stored for 35 days @ 1-6 degrees, also increases viability of RBC it prevents bacterial growth and cell lysis. - RBC/Whole Blood decreases in viability, pH drops on both and Plasma k+, Plasma Haemoglobin amount increase

Question 15

MSBOS stands for?

Answer 15

maximum surgical blood order schedule

Question 16

what is the purpose of the MSBOS

Answer 16

designed to promote efficient use of blood

Question 17

what is mixed for a crossmatch

Answer 17

recipient plasma is mixed donor RBCs - final pretransfusion test

Question 18

what abnormality should the crossmatch demonstrate

Answer 18

ABO incompatibility [detect possible mis grouping]- clinically significant antibodies [final check on antibody screen]

Question 19

Selection of units x3

Answer 19

should be from same 1. ABO group when possible [O can however be given to all]. cellular component [donor RBCs + recipient donor] and plasma components should also be compatible [recipient cells + donor serum]. 2. RhD compatible blood don’t give RnD neg blood to RhD + patient its safe but not desirable. 3. with compatible blood when unexpected antibody is present.

Question 20

what methods may be used for crossmatch

Answer 20

Immediate, IAT, Electronic spin