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Penn Foster Pharmacology 1 Proctor > Proctor Exam > Flashcards

Proctor Exam Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Indications

A

Reason for GIVING a drug to a patient

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2
Q

Contraindications

A

Reason for NOT giving a drug to a patient

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3
Q

Prescription (legend) Drug

A

Must be regulated by the FDA, and may have the ability to cause harm if not given appropriately.

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4
Q

Prescription Label Statment

A

“Caution: Federal law restricts the use of this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian”

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5
Q

Veterinary-client-patient relationship (VCPR)

A

1) Vet has assumed responsibility for making clinical judgement about the health of the animal and need for treatment, 2) Client has agreed to follow the veterinarians instructions, 3) Vet has sufficient knowledge of the animal to issue a diagnosis, must have recently seen the animal, 4) Must be available for follow-up evaluations of the patient.

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6
Q

Regimen

A

Kind of drug
Route
Dosage
Frequency
Duration

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7
Q

TID

A

three times day

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8
Q

QID

A

four times a day

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9
Q

BID

A

two times a day

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10
Q

Pharmocokinetics

A

Series of events that occurs once a drug has been administered. Can have limitations depending on the route it was given

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11
Q

PO- Oral

A

Not ideal of animals with vomiting/diarrhea, some have bad tasteIV

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12
Q

IV- Intravenous

A

Takes affect almost immediately, doesn’t las as long as other routes,

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13
Q

IM- Intramuscular

A

Can be painful, absorbed slower than IV but absorbed quicker the SQ

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14
Q

SQ- Subcutaneous

A

Given beneath the skin, slowest route of absorption, longest duration

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15
Q

ID- Intradermal

A

into the skin, used to test allergies

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16
Q

IP- Intraperitoneal

A

Injection into the abdominal cavity

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17
Q

IA- Intraarterial

A

into the artery

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18
Q

Intraarticular

A

into the joint

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19
Q

IC- Intracardiac

A

into the heart-mostly used for CPR, euthanasia

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20
Q

Intramedullary

A

into the bone marrow cavity

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21
Q

Epidural

A

into the spine

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22
Q

Subdural

A

near the spine

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23
Q

Nebulizer

A

used to inhale a drug by a fine mist

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24
Q

Metered-dose inhaler

A

admin by using a handheld devise that fits over the animals nose/mouth

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25
Anesthetic Gas
Gaseous forms given with a vaporizer (isoflurane, sevoflurane)
26
Transdermal
drugs placed on the skin- drugs should always be worn to prevent accidental exposure
27
Concentration gradient
Drugs from one compartment of the body moves from areas of high-low concentration
28
Bioavailability
measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is available to the patient
29
Water-soluble drugs
dissolve in water, tend to stay in blood stream, can be bound to various proteins like albumin or stay free
30
Lipid- soluble drugs
absorbed by fat, tend to move out of the bloodstream into interstitial fluid (space between the organs and tissues)
31
Storage sites for fat soluble drugs
Fat, Liver, Kidneys, and Bone
32
Placenta
organ that connects a growing fetus to the mothers uterus, May interfere with absorption of certain drugs
33
Blood brain barrier
May interfere with absorption of certain drugs
34
Drug excretion
removal of drugs, primarily through the liver- via bile, or the kidneys- via urine
35
Possible drug excretion
Mammary glands- breast milk, lungs, GI Tract, sweat glands, saliva, or through the skin
36
Residue
drugs that appear in an animals milk or meat products
37
Pharmacodynamics
the study of the mechanism by which drugs produce physiological changes
38
Efficacy
degree to which a drugs produces its desired affect. once reached giving more drug wont produce more affect
39
Potency
amount of drug needed to produce the desired affect- represented by a dose on a dose dose-response curve
40
LD50
Lethal dose, lethal to 50% of the animals given the drug
41
ED50
Effective dose, produces desired affect in 50% of the animals given the durg
42
Therapeutic index
LD50/ED50
43
Adverse reaction
an undesired response to a drug
44
Formulary
book that contains drug dosages and a listing of adverse reactions
45
Proprietary
Trade Name of a drug
46
Generic
Unpatented copy of a drug
47
Drug labels must contain
Both drug names concentration/quantity name/address of manufacturer Controlled substance status Control/lot number Expiration date
48
EPA
Environmental protection agency- regulates the development and approval of animal topical pesticides
49
DEA
Drug enforcement agency- concerned with regulating substances that can be abused by humans. Must be licensed to dispense such drugs
50
DEA records
Date of prescription Owner/Patient name Drug name Quantity/strength Initial of dispensing doctor
51
USDA
Unites states department of agricultare- regulates the development and approval of biologics (vaccines, serums, antitoxins etc)
52
AMDUCA
Animal Medicinal drug use clarification act- made the extra label use of approved veterinary drugs legal under certain well defined conditions-- Very important law
53
Six rights of Administration
Right patient right drug right dose right route right frequency/time right documentation
54
Emulsions
milky solutions containing the drug, dont mix needs to be shaken
55
Elixirs
held in solution by alcohol, contains flavoring and sweeeners
56
Slip tip syringe
most common in vet med
57
Luer lock syringe
screw top that secures needle in place
58
Eccentric tip syringe
used when injecting large volumes, the hub is off center to allow the needle to go parallel to the vein
59
Catheter tip syringe
good for oral feedings, or feeding with catheters
60
IV Catheter
Placed into the vein - allows for repeated injections, IV fluid therapy
61
Butterfly catheter
used for short term iv fluid therapy, blood draws
62
63
Endotracheal tubes
Placed into the trachea Controlled ventilation Anesthesia
64
Endotracheal tubes
Placed into the trachea Controlled ventilation Anesthesia
65
Tranquilizers
Used to calm or quit a patient
66
Phenothiazine tranquilizers
Acepromazine, chlorpromazine Produce sedation without analgesia
67
Neuroleptanalgesics
Combination of an opioid and tranquilizers. Produce state of reduces awareness and analgesia
68
Neuroleptanalgesics use
Restraint, diagnostics, preanesthetic, minor surgical procedure
69
Behavior pharmacotherapy
Use of drugs to treat various behavioral problems. Combined with environmental and behavioral management
70
Antianxiety medications
Relieve anxiety in animals May cause: lethargy, ataxia, Polyuria, polydipsia, hyper-excitable, and liver problems in cats
71
Antidepressant medications
Block reputable of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain Side effects: sedation, tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mouth, urine retention, constipation
72
Serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
Increase the amount of serotonin in the brain by preventing removal Side effects: anorexia, nausea, lethargy, anxiety, and diarrhea
73
Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor
Blocked the enzyme monoamine oxidase resulting in increased levels of dopamine Canine cognitive distinction syndrome, decreased or altered responsiveness , decreased or altered greeting behavior
74
Inotropic drugs
Affect force/strength of a heart contraction Positive- improves strength Negative- decreases strength
75
Chronotropic drugs
Affect heart rate Positive- increase heart rate Negative- decrease heart rate
76
Emetics

Penn Foster Pharmacology 1 Proctor (1 decks)

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