Producing New Cells And Control And Communication

Question 1

How many chromosomes and pairs of human body cells contain

Answer 1

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 2

What do all body cells contain and where from?

Answer 2

2 matching sets of chromosomes one from mum one from dad

Question 3

What are cells callled that have 2 matching sets of chromosomes

Answer 3

Diploid cells

Question 4

What do you call the number of chromosomes a diploid cell contains

Answer 4

It’s diploid chromosome complement

Question 5

What is the chromosome complement of human cells

Answer 5

46

Question 6

What is a chromosome made up of

Answer 6

2 chromatids joined at the centromere

Question 7

Why do multicellular organisms divide

Answer 7

To produce new cells for growth, repair pf damaged cells and replacement of dead or damaged cells

Question 8

What do you call the process of diploid cell dividing and what is it controlled by

Answer 8

Mitosis and by the nucleus

Question 9

What is maintained during mitosis and what does it mean

Answer 9

The diploid chromosome complement and so have the same genetic info as the mother cell and can carry out the same functions as the parent cell

Question 10

What do haploid cells contain and an example

Answer 10

1 set of chromosomes eg. Gamers = egg and sperm

Question 11

What is the first stage of mitosis

Answer 11

Chromosomes replicate forming pairs of chromatids joined by the centromere

Question 12

What is the second stage of mitosis

Answer 12

Nuclear membrane disintegrates

Question 13

What is the third part of mitosis

Answer 13

Spindle fibres form and attach to the centromere

Question 14

What is the 4th stage of mitosis

Answer 14

The chromosomes move to the equator of the cell

Question 15

What is the 5th stage of mitosis

Answer 15

Each pair of chromatids is separated and the chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 16

What is the final stage of mitosis

Answer 16

The nuclear membrane forms and the cytoplasm divides

Question 17

What is mitosis

Answer 17

The process by which the nucleus divides into 2 daughter nuclei, echoing of which still has the same number of chromosomes

Question 18

What are stem cells and what are they responsible for

Answer 18

Unspecialised cells involved in growth and repair and are responsible for the production of specialised cells in animals

Question 19

What do stem cells have the ability to do

Answer 19

Become any kind of cell

Question 20

How can stem cells self renew and have the potential to do what

Answer 20

By cell division and have the potential to become different types of specialised cells

Question 21

What are the 2 types of stem cells

Answer 21

Embryonic and tissue

Question 22

What are embryonic stem cells

Answer 22

They are derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilised in a lab

Question 23

What are tissue stem cells

Answer 23

They reside among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

Question 24

Where are tissue stem cells found

Answer 24

In many tissues such as the bone marrow, brain, blood vessels or skin.

Question 25

What are different types of specialised cells

Answer 25

Sperm, root hair cell, red blood, nerve, leaf palisade, ciliated

Question 26

What is the function of the nerve cell

Answer 26

Long connection length transmitting over long distances form sensors to brain

Question 27

What is the function of the red blood cell

Answer 27

Has biconcave shape and no nucleus given large surface area so it can carry more oxygen

Question 28

What is the function of the sperm cell

Answer 28

Has a tail to swim to and fertilise the egg

Question 29

What is the function of the root hair cell

Answer 29

Long and thin so has a large surface area to absorb more water and nutrients from the cell

Question 30

What is the function of the ciliated cell

Answer 30

Lines cavities eg. Airways. Has tiny hairs to help move dirt out of lungs and move eggs along oviducy

Question 31

What is the cellular organisation in animals

Answer 31

Cell, tissue, organ, system

Question 32

What are tissues made up of

Answer 32

Many copies of a specialised cell type

Question 33

What is an organ made up of

Answer 33

Different tissue types combined

Question 34

What makes a system

Answer 34

Organs working together

Question 35

What is the cellular organisation in plants

Answer 35

Specialised cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

Question 36

What does the nervous system consist of

Answer 36

The brain, spinal cord and complex network of neurons.

Question 37

What is the nervous system responsible for

Answer 37

Sending, receiving and interpreting info from all parts of the body.

Question 38

What are the 2 parts called that the nervous system can be divided into

Answer 38

1. The central nervous system 2. Other nerves

Question 39

What does the CNS consist of

Answer 39

2 small parts: brain and spinal cord

Question 40

How is the cns connected to rest of body

Answer 40

By other neurons (nerves)

Question 41

What is the function of the cerebrum

Answer 41

Controls conscious thoughts, memory and personality

Question 42

What’s the function of the cerebellum

Answer 42

Controls muscle coordination and halance

Question 43

What is the function of the medulla

Answer 43

Controls breathing and heart rate

Question 44

What do electrical impulses do

Answer 44

Move along specific neurons to pass messages to the CNS from all over the body

Question 45

What is the pathway of an impulse

Answer 45

Stimulus-receptor-sensory neuron-CNS-motor neuron-effecter-response