Product Design Flashcards
(269 cards)
1
Q
What is the purpose of a risk assessment in a workplace?
A
To examine what could cause harm to employees, identify hazards, and implement controls to mitigate risks.
2
Q
What legal requirement must employers follow according to the Health and Safety at Work Act?
A
Employers must conduct risk assessments and ensure safe working practices.
3
Q
What should be done to machinery, tools, and equipment to ensure safety?
A
They should be checked regularly to ensure they are safe to use.
4
Q
What should teachers do before allowing students into a school workshop?
A
Conduct a risk assessment.
5
Q
What should be done with machinery when it is not in use?
A
It should be switched off.
6
Q
What type of clothing should be supplied to students when necessary?
A
Protective clothing.
7
Q
What should students be aware of while working in a workshop?
A
They should conduct themselves appropriately and be aware of others working nearby.
8
Q
What is a hazard?
A
Anything that could cause harm, such as chemicals, electricity, or an open drawer.
9
Q
What is a risk?
A
The probability of someone being harmed by a hazard.
10
Q
What are the five steps of a risk assessment?
A
- Identify the hazards. 2. Decide who could be at risk and how. 3. Evaluate the risk and consider precautions. 4. Record findings and implement them. 5. Review the risks and update when necessary.
11
Q
What should be displayed beside machinery in a workshop?
A
Clear and precise instructions for safe use.
12
Q
What should be done with hazardous materials?
A
They should be securely stored and appropriate warning signs must be in place.
13
Q
What is the purpose of warning signs in a workshop?
A
To show possible hazards and ensure safety.
14
Q
What is reverse engineering?
A
Deconstructing a product or device to see how it functions and the processes used to construct it.
15
Q
What should be considered during the design process regarding product safety?
A
Relevant legal safety requirements.
16
Q
What is the importance of user or wearer trials in product safety?
A
They highlight safety concerns and may indicate the need for further iterations.
17
Q
What should be done if a hazard is identified during a risk assessment?
A
Steps should be put in place to limit or reduce the risk.
18
Q
What is the ongoing process related to risk assessments?
A
Reviewing and updating risks as changes occur in the workplace.
19
Q
What type of signs should be on display to indicate hazards?
A
Warning signs.
20
Q
What should students be trained on before using machinery?
A
They should be taught how to use it correctly and have permission to do so.
21
Q
What are some examples of protective equipment that may be required?
A
Goggles and ear protectors.
22
Q
What is the role of teachers in ensuring safety in workshops?
A
Teachers must carry out risk assessments and ensure safe working practices are communicated to students.
23
Q
What is the significance of clamps or bolts when using machinery?
A
They hold items securely in place while being worked on.
24
Q
What is a design strategy that allows designers to examine competitor products?
A
It is a strategy that enables designers and manufacturers to analyze all aspects of a competitor product to improve on existing products.
25
What factors should be considered when analyzing a competitor product?
Factors include form, function, style, materials and components, construction, quality, performance characteristics, and environmental factors.
26
What are some historical influences on product design?
Influential designers or design movements contribute significantly to product design, especially in fashion and textiles.
27
What is a prototype?
A prototype is a model of a new design proposal that can be either a functioning model or a concept model resembling the finished product.
28
What does innovation in design refer to?
Innovation refers to introducing new and useful ideas or products to the market that are relevant and add value, including new uses for materials or processes like 3D printing.
29
What is the purpose of a performance model in fashion and textiles?
A performance model resembles the finished product to allow for wearer or user trials.
30
What design principles were influenced by the Bauhaus movement?
Principles include 'form follows function', 'everyday objects for everyday people', 'products for a machine age', 'geometrically pure forms', and 'inversion'.
31
How does collaborative design strengthen design integrity?
Collaborative design brings together diverse ideas from team members and relies on feedback from user experiences.
32
What is morphological analysis in design?
Morphological analysis explores all possible solutions to a problem by breaking it down into partial problems and finding solutions for each.
33
What is rapid prototyping?
Rapid prototyping involves creating a 3D prototype model of a design using 3D CAD drawings and additive manufacturing techniques.
34
What is the significance of technological developments in product design?
Technological developments have influenced all aspects of product and fashion design, including advancements like 3D printing and wearable technologies.
35
What is the role of analogy in problem-solving?
Analogy involves applying a known solution to a similar problem to solve a new issue.
36
What does lateral thinking refer to in the context of design?
Lateral thinking refers to problem-solving by taking an entirely new approach that is not immediately obvious.
37
What are some design movements mentioned in the notes?
Design movements include Post Modernism, The Memphis Group, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Pop Art, and minimalism.
38
How can 3D models assist in the design process?
3D models can be viewed from different angles before manufacture, saving time and costs.
39
What influence did Vivienne Westwood have on fashion design?
Vivienne Westwood is known for her reinvention of the corset, influenced by fashion history.
40
What is additive manufacturing?
Additive manufacturing refers to the process of creating 3D models by printing several layers to build up the model.
41
What is the impact of new materials and fabrics on design?
Developments in new materials and fabrics are largely due to advancements in technology, such as smart or technical materials.
42
What is the significance of user trials in product design?
User trials are essential for testing the functionality, performance, and form of a product before it is finalized.
43
What is the relationship between design movements and influential designers?
Influential designers and design movements contribute significantly to the evolution and trends in product design.
44
What materials are mentioned as examples of advanced textiles?
Carbon fibre, micro-encapsulated fabrics, Kevlar, shape memory alloys, and electroluminescent materials.
45
How has nano-technology impacted technological components?
It has reduced the size of many components, such as batteries, while maintaining their power.
46
What is polymerisation in the context of textiles?
The process where small molecules called monomers are chemically combined to form long chainlike molecules called polymers.
47
What is galvanizing?
A chemical process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron to prevent rusting.
48
What is anodizing?
An electrochemical process used to convert a metal surface into a decorative, durable, non-corrosive anodic oxide finish.
49
What does Ohm's Law calculate?
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit (E=IR).
50
What role does geometry play in product design?
It is used in the development of shapes, including angles, length, radius, diameter, surface area, and volume.
51
What are some examples of chemical finishes applied to fabrics?
Crease resistance, resilience, elasticity, mercerisation, Proban® for flame resistance, waterproofing with Teflon or Scotchguard.
52
What are some natural plant-based fibres mentioned?
Cotton, linen, flax, jute, bamboo, soya, and banana.
53
What are some animal protein fibres used in textiles?
Silk, wool/fleece, and mohair.
54
What is the significance of anthropometrics in product design?
It is based on numerical data critical in the development of all products.
55
What is the purpose of statistical analysis in product design?
It is used to determine user needs and wants.
56
What is the role of ICT skills in product design?
They include CAD skills, flowchart design, code programming, and downloading data onto interfaced products.
57
What is the process of creating 3D shapes from 2D templates?
Joining straight and curved lines from paper templates forms 3D shapes.
58
What is the purpose of using bio chemicals in 3D printing?
To create materials such as PLA and natural starch extracts.
59
What are some examples of machinery calculations based on mathematical data?
Calculating speeds and feeds for machinery.
60
What is the significance of data presentation in product design?
Market research and costings can be presented and analyzed through charts, graphs, and spreadsheets.
61
What is the importance of calculating quantities of materials?
It is essential for determining costs and ensuring adequate supply for production.
62
What is the impact of biotechnology in industrial processes?
It requires less energy and is based on renewable raw materials.
63
What is the role of mathematical modeling in engineering design?
It helps explain a system and study the effects of different components, allowing predictions about behavior.
64
What is PCB etching?
A process involving UV light conversion and ferric chloride for etching copper on PCB clad boards.
65
What are some physical finishes for textiles?
Heat setting of fibres to enhance properties like elasticity and resilience.
66
What is the purpose of controlling CNC devices from CAD drawings?
To provide CAM outputs.
67
What is Bio steel and how is it produced?
A high strength fibre made from protein extracted from the milk of transgenic goats.
68
What is the role of ratios in pattern grading?
Ratios are used when scaling drawings and calculating fabric usage.
69
What is bio mimicry in product design?
Natural forms inspire product design, such as Velcro inspired by thistle burrs and Fastskin by Speedo mimicking sharks' skin.
70
What is moulding in manufacturing?
A process involving shaping a liquid or malleable raw material using a frame, mould, former, or cavity.
71
What is a jig and its purpose in production?
A device used to guide a tool to a specific position on a workpiece, ensuring accuracy and precision.
72
How does extrusion work in manufacturing?
A process used to create objects with a fixed cross-sectional shape by pushing material through a die.
73
What is laminating and its benefits?
A technique of manufacturing materials in multiple layers to create composite materials, improving strength and stability.
74
Describe the injection moulding process.
Granular form pellets are melted and injected into a mould cavity under pressure, then cooled and ejected.
75
What is a fixture in manufacturing?
A tool that holds the workpiece to a machine bed, allowing operations without the need to measure or move the workpiece.
76
What is milling in manufacturing?
A process using rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece, which can be done with hand or CNC input.
77
What is blow moulding?
A polymer-based manufacturing process where a heated polymer tube is inflated to take the shape of a mould, creating hollow forms.
78
What is turning in manufacturing?
A process involving rotating a workpiece and using a cutting tool to remove material, typically in cylindrical form.
79
What is a pre-production prototype?
A final version of a product or concept used for advanced testing to validate performance before full-scale production.
80
What is casting in manufacturing?
A process where liquid is poured into a mould to solidify into the desired shape.
81
What are the advantages of using jigs in production?
They speed up the making process, eliminate errors, and ensure every operation is repeated exactly the same.
82
What is the significance of CNC lathes in turning?
They rely on CAD for precision in rotating workpieces and material removal.
83
How does blow moulding contribute to mass production?
It allows for the efficient creation of hollow plastic forms, like bottles, in high volumes.
84
What are the characteristics of injection moulding?
It is a low waste, efficient system that is energy reliant, used for mass production of polymer parts.
85
What is the function of a fixture in manufacturing?
To hold the workpiece securely in place during cutting or shaping operations.
86
What is the purpose of prototyping before full-scale production?
To test user experience and evaluate performance of the product prior to launch.
87
What is the role of ratios in scaling drawings?
They are used to maintain proportionality when resizing designs.
88
What is the benefit of using laminating in material manufacturing?
It enhances properties such as strength, stability, and appearance.
89
What is composting?
The process of manufacturing by decomposing organic materials into simpler organic and inorganic compounds by microorganisms.
90
What is stamping in manufacturing?
A process involving placing flat sheet metal into a press and using a tool or die to punch, blank, or remove shapes for further processing.
91
Why is tooling up a production line expensive?
Because it requires significant investment, especially for mass production or continuous flow production where computers and automation are needed.
92
What is reforming in manufacturing?
A process where materials are heated and their shape is altered.
93
What is forming in manufacturing?
Mechanical deformation that permanently changes the shape of a material without adding or removing any material.
94
What is vacuum forming?
A popular thermoplastic sheet deforming process used in school settings.
95
What are SMART materials?
Materials that change in reaction to external stimuli.
96
What is an example of thermochromic materials?
Thermochromic paints or pigments that change color with temperature changes, used in products like coffee mugs.
97
What are photochromic pigments?
Materials that change color in response to light, such as those used in office windows and spectacles.
98
What are the advantages of carbon fibre in manufacturing?
High strength, low weight, ability to be shaped into complex forms, smooth finish, and suitability for high-performance products.
99
What are shape memory alloys (SMAs)?
Materials that can be heated and programmed to return to a specific shape once heated again.
100
What is hydrochromic paint?
A paint that changes color to indicate if a mobile phone has sustained water damage.
101
What are nanomaterials?
Materials that are between 1 and 100 nanometers in size, including carbon nanotubes, fullerene, and quantum dots.
102
How are nanomaterials used in car manufacturing?
To produce faster, safer, and more efficient cars.
103
What are phosphorescent materials?
Materials that absorb daylight and glow in the dark, used in products like children's stars or watch face decals.
104
What is the role of nanomaterials in electronic components?
They are used to coat electronic components in computer systems.
105
How do SMART materials enhance product interactivity?
They allow products to change automatically without user input.
106
What is the significance of carbon fibre in racing bicycles?
It provides high strength and low weight, making it ideal for high-performance sporting products.
107
What happens to products made from SMART materials when a fault develops?
They can often be repaired or even self-repair.
108
What is the impact of using SMART materials on product efficiency?
Products can become more efficient as a result of incorporating SMART materials.
109
What is the purpose of combining materials in manufacturing?
To provide opportunities for improved products.
110
What must be corrected before starting production to avoid faulty products?
Any flaws in the design.
111
What is a polymorph?
A thermoplastic that can be heated and shaped repeatedly, hardening similar to nylon when set.
112
What are the key characteristics of titanium?
Titanium is a versatile, strong, and lightweight metal, often used in alloys, and is biocompatible for medical implants.
113
Why is titanium used in the healthcare industry?
The human body does not react to titanium, allowing it to be implanted without rejection.
114
What is Kevlar?
A trade name for a fibre-based material used to produce protective clothing and aerospace components.
115
What are some performance characteristics of metals?
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, have high density, are malleable, ductile, and can be hardened through heat treatment.
116
Define elasticity in materials.
Elasticity is a material's ability to return to its original shape after the forces deforming it are removed.
117
What does durability refer to in materials?
Durability is a material's ability to withstand wear or damage.
118
What is tensile strength?
Tensile strength is the ability of a material to withstand a pulling force without stretching.
119
What is compressive strength?
Compressive strength is the capacity of a material to withstand compressive stress without fracturing.
120
Define malleability.
Malleability is the ability of a material to be formed or shaped without breaking.
121
What is thermal conductivity?
Thermal conductivity is a material's ability to pass on heat, acting as a conductor or insulator.
122
What does electrical conductivity measure?
Electrical conductivity measures a material's ability to allow electricity to flow through it.
123
What is hardness in materials?
Hardness is a material's ability to resist permanent indentation, wear, or deformation.
124
What does density measure?
Density measures how heavy an object is for a given size, often expressed as mass per unit volume.
125
What is the composition of steel?
Steel is composed of 99% iron and 1% carbon, making it strong, light, and workable.
126
What are alloys?
Alloys are mixtures of two or more elements developed to have specific properties like hardness and corrosion resistance.
127
How do natural timbers perform in terms of conductivity?
Natural timbers are poor conductors of heat and electricity, making them good insulators.
128
What are some properties of natural timbers?
Natural timbers are characterized by durability, strength, hardness, toughness, and elasticity.
129
How do manufactured boards compare to natural timbers?
Manufactured boards are good insulators and do not warp as much as natural timbers, with some being stronger than others.
130
What is the significance of alloying metals?
Alloying metals enhances properties that may not be apparent until used in engineering applications.
131
What is the melting behavior of alloys compared to pure metals?
Alloys do not have specific melting points but rather a melting range depending on their structure.
132
What are the interrelationships between materials, form, and manufacturing processes?
These interrelationships influence how materials are selected and utilized in design and engineering.
133
How does temperature affect the density of materials?
Temperature changes can cause some expansion, but the change in density will be very small.
134
What is toughness in materials?
Toughness is a material's ability to absorb energy and deform without fracturing, rupturing, or failing.
135
What is ductility?
Ductility is the ability of a material to sustain permanent deformation under tension to the point of fracture or to be stretched plastically at room temperature without failing.
136
How does the thickness of papers and boards impact their properties?
The thickness of papers and boards affects their strength, and durability can be low, especially when wet or if painted or printed on.
137
What is the strength characteristic of corrugated card?
Corrugated card is stronger and more rigid compared to regular paper.
138
What is the purpose of surface finishes on materials?
Surface finishes are applied for preservation and protection, to prevent corrosion, fading, oxidizing, or decay, and to improve aesthetics.
139
What is hot blackening in surface finishing?
Hot blackening is a process where a thin layer of black oxide covers the surface of metal, creating a matt black finish that is highly abrasion resistant.
140
What is anodizing and its purpose?
Anodizing is a process often used on aluminum to provide corrosion resistance and enhanced aesthetics with greater resistance to wear.
141
What are the characteristics of paints used on timber?
Paints provide a thick film to protect and decorate timber, available in solid color (opaque) or translucent, with low pigment content allowing the surface grain to remain visible.
142
What is the role of varnishes in surface finishing?
Varnishes can be applied to give a shiny appearance, with durability increasing as the number of layers increases, and can be either matt or glossy.
143
What is shellac and its application?
Shellac is a form of resin applied in layers by rubbing into the timber, providing a glossy finish but is easily damaged by moisture and heat.
144
What is the significance of metal finishing?
Metal finishing reduces surface roughness for parts that must seal or join, enhances electrical conductivity, and provides higher electrical, chemical, and tarnish resistance.
145
What is plating in metal finishing?
Plating improves durability, corrosion resistance, and exterior appearance; for example, galvanizing with zinc plating provides a corrosion-resistant finish.
146
How does the type of timber affect the suitability of coatings?
The type of timber dictates the suitability of the coating or finish, as different woods have varying resistance to biodegradation and surface defects.
147
What is the impact of surface splitting on coatings for oak timber?
Oak is naturally resistant to biodegradation but is prone to surface splitting, which disrupts coatings and requires frequent maintenance.
148
What is the effect of knots in softwoods like pine on finishes?
Knots in softwoods like pine can look attractive under translucent finishes, but with opaque finishes, issues like staining, resin bleed, and surface defects can occur.
149
What is the relationship between material, shape, and manufacturing process?
There is a close connection between the material, the shape or form required, and the manufacturing process selected to achieve that particular form.
150
What is the importance of surface treatments for natural timbers?
Surface treatments are important for enhancing the appearance, durability, and protection of natural timbers.
151
What happens to the durability of varnishes with increased layers?
Durability increases as the number of layers of varnish applied increases.
152
What is the purpose of using stains on timber?
Stains are used to color the timber without providing a film or protection; they enhance the timber color and need to be reapplied annually for outdoor products.
153
What is the primary goal of surface finishing in manufacturing?
The primary goal of surface finishing is to improve the performance and aesthetics of the material, ensuring it meets specific functional requirements.
154
What are the benefits of using enameling in metal finishing?
Enameling involves applying a thin coat of finely ground glass to metal, which fuses at high temperatures, enhancing durability and appearance.
155
What are the primary purposes of coatings applied to timber?
Coatings are applied for decorative reasons and to protect against weathering, UV degradation, and moisture absorbance.
156
What does it mean for polymers formed in a mould to be self-finishing?
Self-finishing polymers require no further treatments, although logos and labels may be added.
157
What is the purpose of heat treatments in metal finishing?
Heat treatments provide characteristics like increased durability through processes such as hardening and case hardening.
158
What is case hardening and where is it commonly used?
Case hardening is used on shackles of padlocks to produce a surface resistant to mechanical attack.
159
What are some common types of manufactured boards?
MDF, plywood, hardboard, and chipboard.
160
Why do manufactured boards need to be sealed before finishing?
Manufactured boards are absorbent and need sealing to prevent moisture damage before applying a finish.
161
What is powder coating and how is it applied?
Powder coating involves UV or heat curing of dry polymer powder to create a colourful, textured, or glossy finish.
162
What type of adhesives are commonly used in manufacturing?
Common adhesives include polyurethanes, epoxy resins, PVA, and contact adhesives.
163
What is the difference between joining and forming in manufacturing?
Joining involves fusing materials together, while forming involves shaping a product.
164
What are some advantages of using bought-in components in manufacturing?
Advantages include saved preparation time, guaranteed quality, less effort required, and cost savings from bulk purchasing.
165
What are some disadvantages of using bought-in components?
Disadvantages include unreliable supply, more storage space needed, potential delays in ordering, and lack of control over quality.
166
What is the role of epoxy resins in manufacturing?
Epoxy resins bond similar and dissimilar materials using a resin and hardener that undergo a chemical reaction.
167
What are contact adhesives and how are they applied?
Contact adhesives are applied to both surfaces and bonded under pressure to provide a permanent join.
168
What is the significance of surface decorations in polymer finishing?
Surface decorations can enhance aesthetics and are often added through machining or printing.
169
What are some methods of joining and fastening in manufacturing?
Methods include welding, soldering, nailing, bolting, and riveting.
170
What is the purpose of laminating in material combining?
Laminating combines materials to form a composite material, enhancing strength and durability.
171
What is the function of adhesives in the automotive industry?
Adhesives are used for bonding components, providing flexibility, and ensuring durability in automotive applications.
172
What types of finishes can be achieved with water and oil-based paints?
These paints provide inexpensive finishes that protect against corrosion.
173
What is the process of sanding, polishing, and buffing used for?
These processes are used to remove scratches from cut edges of polymers.
174
How can surface printing enhance manufactured boards?
Surface printing can add visual appeal and branding to manufactured boards.
175
What is the advantage of using solvent-free adhesives?
Solvent-free adhesives offer excellent chemical and moisture resistance.
176
What is the purpose of using veneers in manufactured boards?
Veneers provide a finishing layer that enhances appearance and can improve durability.
177
What is the significance of using UV curing in powder coating?
UV curing helps to create a durable, high-quality finish on coated surfaces.
178
What is laminating in materials processing?
Laminating is a process where layers of materials are joined together, often used to create curved shapes.
179
What are temporary methods of joining materials?
Temporary methods include pins, clips, catches, hinges, nuts and bolts, rivets, knock down fittings, scan fittings, keys and keyways, and press studs.
180
How have adhesives changed the automotive industry?
Adhesives have replaced welding and mechanical fasteners, becoming key technologies that improve strength, stiffness, and noise absorption in vehicles.
181
What are semi-permanent fixing methods?
Semi-permanent methods, such as screws, can be considered both temporary and permanent.
182
What is an example of a laminated kitchen worktop?
A kitchen worktop can be made of chipboard with a melamine veneer added for protection and decoration.
183
What are the two categories of natural timbers?
Natural timbers are split into softwoods and hardwoods.
184
What defines softwoods?
Softwoods come from coniferous trees, usually remain evergreen, grow faster than hardwoods, and have needles instead of traditional leaves.
185
What defines hardwoods?
Hardwoods come from deciduous trees that shed leaves in autumn, grow slower than softwoods, and are generally more expensive.
186
What are the two categories of metals?
Metals are divided into ferrous metals, which contain iron, and non-ferrous metals, which do not.
187
What are thermosetting plastics?
Thermosetting plastics are heated, formed, and cooled once; they cannot be reshaped or recycled. Examples include epoxy resins and melamine formaldehyde.
188
What are thermoplastics?
Thermoforming plastics can be heated, shaped, and cooled multiple times and are easier to recycle. Examples include polystyrene and PVC.
189
What are common ferrous metals?
Common ferrous metals include mild steel, carbon steel, cast iron, and wrought iron.
190
What are common non-ferrous metals?
Common non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, and precious metals like gold and silver.
191
What are the stock forms of metals?
Metals are generally sold as sheets, bars, rods, tubes, angles, rolls, and wire.
192
What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of metals with an element to improve its properties or aesthetics.
193
What are some common alloys?
Common alloys include brass, pewter, bronze, and stainless steel.
194
What are some characteristics of hardwoods?
Hardwoods are tough, durable, have a close grain, and are traditionally used for higher-end furniture.
195
What is Balsa wood known for?
Balsa wood is very lightweight and soft, commonly used for model making.
196
What are some common softwoods?
Common softwoods include Pine, Cedar, Larch, and Spruce.
197
What is the typical appearance of softwoods?
Softwoods tend to be paler in color with darker grain and are generally more lightweight than hardwoods.
198
What is the significance of protective finishes for metals?
Protective finishes are applied to ferrous metals to prevent corrosion and enhance durability.
199
What role do automotive adhesives play beyond bonding?
Automotive adhesives are also used as sealants in gearboxes, bushes, bearings, gaskets, flanges, and bolt holes.
200
What forms can polymers come in?
Polymers can come as powders, granules, films, foams, pellets, sheets, rods, tubes, and in some cases reels (e.g., PLA for 3D printing).
201
What are the available forms of natural timbers?
Natural timbers are available as planks, boards, and mouldings such as skirting boards.
202
What is the purpose of seasoning natural timbers?
Seasoning lowers the moisture content of natural timbers prior to use.
203
What are manufactured boards and their common form?
Manufactured boards are man-made materials that tend to be available in sheets.
204
What are some examples of man-made materials?
Papers, cards, MDF, plywood, chipboard, hardboard, and blockboard are all examples of man-made materials.
205
What is the environmental benefit of using regenerated materials?
Regenerated materials offer a greener, more eco-friendly approach to sourcing materials and provide a 'cradle to cradle' cycle rather than disposal after use.
206
What are modern materials and give an example?
Modern materials are recently developed performance materials; an example is carbon fibre, which provides a high strength-weight ratio.
207
What are SMART materials?
SMART materials are reactive and change when external stimuli are applied, such as shape memory alloys (SMA) and thermochromic inks.
208
What is the function of Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)?
CAM uses CAD files to produce physical outcomes and operates using CNC (computer numerical control).
209
What are the benefits of using CAM in manufacturing?
Benefits include faster and more accurate production, elimination of costly errors, continual identical outcomes, and cost efficiency over time.
210
How does Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) enhance manufacturing?
CIM uses computers to control machinery and automate systems, increasing speed and efficiency in the manufacturing process.
211
What are some examples of machinery used in CAM?
Examples include laser cutters, vinyl cutters, CNC routers, CNC lathes, and embroidery machinery.
212
What are the disadvantages of CAD/CAM?
CAD and CAM can be expensive, especially regarding initial setup costs.
213
What is digital media?
Digital media is any form of media that uses electronic devices for distribution, including software, video games, videos, websites, social media, and online advertising.
214
What is the role of CAD in design?
CAD allows designers to create, simulate, and test their designs on screen before physical production.
215
What is the significance of real-time sensors in CIM?
Real-time sensors in CIM automate manufacturing processes and enhance speed and efficiency.
216
What is the purpose of using CNC in manufacturing?
CNC allows for precise control of machinery, leading to consistent and replicable outcomes.
217
How do laser cutters function in manufacturing?
Laser cutters can cut and engrave various materials, creating complex designs.
218
What is the impact of CAD/CAM on labor costs?
The use of CAD/CAM reduces a company's labor costs by automating processes.
219
What is a common measurement unit for papers and cards?
GSM (grams per square meter) and microns are commonly used to measure papers and cards.
220
What is a characteristic of shape memory alloys (SMA)?
Shape memory alloys can return to a predetermined shape when exposed to certain stimuli.
221
What is the advantage of using CAD for designers?
CAD allows for efficient design processes, enabling designers to visualize and modify their work digitally.
222
What is the outcome of using computers in manufacturing processes?
Using computers in manufacturing reduces errors and links various manufacturing activities through a flexible manufacturing system.
223
What are the benefits of using CAD in product design?
CAD increases productivity, decreases errors, allows for higher quality or more complex designs, enables easy editing/reuse of designs, and facilitates easy sharing of CAD files.
224
What is a potential drawback of CAD/CAM systems?
They can require servicing and maintenance, and parts can be expensive.
225
What is the significance of anthropometrics in design?
Anthropometrics refers to the measurements of human body dimensions, ensuring that products fit the target market.
226
How does CAD facilitate the design process?
CAD allows for testing of ideas, analysis, and development, refining and improving designs.
227
What is the iterative process in CAD design?
The iterative process involves a cycle of thinking, testing, analyzing, and rethinking until the design meets all criteria.
228
What role does visual communication play in design?
Visual communication is used to share designs, concepts, and proposals with clients through various media.
229
What are some methods designers use to present ideas?
Methods include freehand sketching, CAD, photographs, physical models, videos of user trials, and prototypes.
230
What is the importance of ergonomics in product design?
Ergonomics ensures that products fit users comfortably and that the user interface is effective.
231
What is a key advantage of CAD files in the design process?
CAD files can be easily saved, modified, and converted into CNC or CAM data for rapid prototyping.
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What is a disadvantage of relying heavily on CAD/CAM systems?
Production can become reliant on CAD/CAM, and errors can cause delays and supply problems.
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How does CAD improve the quality of designs?
CAD allows for higher quality or more complex designs that can be easily understood and modified.
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What is the relationship between CAD and CAM?
CAD links seamlessly to CAM, allowing for efficient manufacturing processes.
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What is the importance of documenting design decisions?
Documenting decisions helps in justifying choices made during the design and development process.
236
What can be included in reports of test results?
Reports can support design decisions and provide evidence from user tests or trials.
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How does CAD affect productivity compared to manual work?
CAD is faster than manual workers, leading to increased productivity.
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What is a potential issue with faults in CAD/CAM systems?
Faults can delay design and production processes.
239
What does the term 'break through' moments refer to in design?
'Break through' moments refer to significant ideas or innovations presented using various media.
240
Why is training required for CAD users?
Training is necessary for users to become literate and proficient in using CAD software.
241
What is a benefit of using digital media in design communication?
Digital media allows for clear and effective sharing of designs and proposals.
242
What is the significance of final design presentations?
Final design ideas are formally presented to communicate aesthetics, dimensions, and manufacturing information.
243
What is the role of user opinion in product design?
Positive user opinion is valuable for the popularity and acceptance of emerging products.
244
What is the importance of user trials in the design process?
User trials provide evidence that can help justify design decisions and improve product acceptance.
245
How can CAD files support the presentation of final proposals?
CAD files can be modified to visually communicate important aspects of the final design.
246
What are some methods designers use to communicate design thinking and ideas?
Designers use freehand sketching, models, trials/test pieces, CAD simulations, rapid prototypes, orthographic projections, working drawings, and exploded views.
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Why is understanding the user important in the design process?
It is critical for ensuring the product fits perfectly, operates effectively, and meets user needs and wants.
248
What is the significance of iterative design in product development?
Iterative design involves continuously refining ideas based on user feedback and testing to improve the final product.
249
What role do performance criteria play in design?
Performance criteria help inform designing by identifying where specification criteria are met and where ideas need further development.
250
What is user-centered design?
User-centered design focuses on involving the user throughout the design process to ensure the final product meets their needs.
251
What is the purpose of quick developmental sketching?
Quick developmental sketching captures initial thoughts and ideas rapidly, allowing for exploration and refinement later.
252
How can card modeling assist designers?
Card modeling helps determine whether an idea will function by allowing designers to visualize and test concepts in a low-fidelity format.
253
What is the importance of testing initial ideas in design?
Testing initial ideas helps confirm which features to retain and which need replacement, ensuring the product meets user requirements.
254
What are effective design specifications?
Effective design specifications outline measurable criteria, ensuring clarity, achievability, and ease of checking throughout the design process.
255
How can CAD and CAM be utilized in the design process?
CAD can simulate, test, and present ideas in detail, while CAM can convert CAD files into data for producing models for testing.
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What should be included in a design specification to ensure fitness for purpose?
Measurable criteria should be included, such as minimum and maximum dimensions, to ensure the product meets the design requirements.
257
Why is it important to consult the target market during the design process?
Consulting the target market ensures that their needs are integrated into the design, leading to a product that is more likely to succeed.
258
What is the role of formal drawings in the design process?
Formal drawings present details of the final proposal and are critical once ideas reach the final stage of development.
259
What is the relationship between user feedback and product success?
User feedback is essential for refining the product to ensure it meets their needs and expectations, contributing to its success.
260
What is the significance of prioritizing design criteria?
Prioritizing design criteria into essential and desirable categories helps clarify what is critical for the product's success.
261
How do designers investigate problems during the design process?
Designers investigate problems by understanding user needs, conducting discussions, and analyzing existing products that require improvement.
262
What is the purpose of using various communication methods in design?
Using various communication methods helps convey ideas effectively, ensuring all stakeholders understand the design intent.
263
What is the benefit of using bullet points in structuring design specifications?
Bullet points condense information, making it easier to read and prioritize important criteria.
264
How does the iterative design cycle contribute to product development?
The iterative design cycle allows for continuous improvement based on testing and user feedback, leading to a more refined final product.
265
What types of models can designers create to test their ideas?
Designers can create physical models, CAD simulations, mock-ups, and low-fidelity prototypes to test their ideas.
266
What is the importance of discussing ideas with users during the design process?
Discussion with users helps ensure that the design aligns with their needs and preferences, enhancing the likelihood of product success.
267
What are some graphical techniques used in design communication?
Graphical techniques include Gantt charts, critical path analysis, and flowcharts.
268
What is the role of analysis in the design process?
Analysis helps evaluate whether ideas meet the design specification and guides further development.
269
What should designers do if a product does not meet user needs?
Designers should revisit the design process, gather feedback, and make necessary adjustments to ensure the product aligns with user expectations.
