Production Test Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
The maximum flow rate a well could theoretically deliver with zero pressure at the middle of the perforations
A
AOFP / absolute open flow potential
2
Q
A device that uses Pitot tubes to measure the gas flow rate within a pipeline
A
annubar
3
Q
Fluid pressure in the annulus between tubing and casing or between two strings of casing
A
annular pressure
4
Q
Production of formation fluid through the casing-tubing annulus
A
annular production
5
Q
Petroleum with a high content of naphthenic compounds, such as asphaltenes
A
asphaltic crude / naphthene-base crude oil
6
Q
A volumetric average of the pressure exerted by the fluids inside the reservoir at a specific depletion stage
A
average reservoir pressure
7
Q
Pressure registered on equipment or devices when fluid flows through
A
backpressure
8
Q
A volume of fluid that refers to the daily total production of oil and water from a well
A
BLPD / barrels of liquid per day
9
Q
A common unit of measurement for the daily volume of crude oil produced by a well or from a field
A
BOPD / barrels of oil per day
10
Q
A common unit of measurement for the volume of water produced each day by a well or in a field
A
BWPD / barrels of water per day
11
Q
a unit of measurement for large volumes of natural gas
A
Bcf / billion cubic feet
12
Q
a unit of measurement for large production rates of natural gas
A
BcfD /billion cubic feet per day
13
Q
A fixed choke or a choke with an adjustable needle, sleeve or plate that can be changed to adjust the flow rate
A
beam / bean
14
Q
An obstruction in the pipeline, composed of asphaltenes, hydrates, waxes, scale and sand deposited on the internal wall of the pipeline forming a barrier to the normal flow of fluids
A
blockage
15
Q
A procedure in which different chemicals are added to bottle samples of an emulsion to determine which chemical is the most effective at breaking, or separating, the emulsion into oil and water
A
bottle test
16
Q
A specimen obtained from the bottom part of the tank or lower point in a pipeline
A
bottom sample
17
Q
A perforated tubular attached to the subsurface sucker-rod pump that controls the entrance of gas
A
bottomhole gas separator / gas anchor
18
Q
measured from a liquid sample of the production stream, includes free water, sediment and emulsion and is measured as a volume percentage of the production stream
A
BS&W
19
Q
Several pipes (production or injection, gas lift) that are jointly insulated to keep together production lines
A
bundle
20
Q
Compounds or complex ions that are formed by the union of water with other substances
A
clathrate / hydrate
21
Q
The flow of different fluids such as oil, gas or water, in a single production stream
A
composite stream
22
Q
A natural gas liquid with a low vapor pressure compared with natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas
A
condensate
23
Q
Hydrocarbons that are in the gaseous phase at reservoir conditions but condense into liquid as they travel up the wellbore and reach separator conditions
A
condensate liquids
24
Q
The ratio of the volume of liquid produced to the volume of gas produced
A
condensate ratio
25
Part of rod pumping unit installed on the end of the walking beam, opposite to the end over the well, and counterbalances the weight of the sucker rods and the fluid being pumped
counterbalance weight
26
In sand control operations, the maximum production rate below which the production of solids along with the produced fluid is uniform
critical flow rate
27
The gas flow rate equivalent to the speed of sound in that fluid
critical gas flow rate
28
The barrel of the sucker rod pump
cylinder
29
A unit of measurement established by the American Petroleum Institute (API) that indicates the density of a liquid
degree API
30
Tests in an oil or gas well to determine its flow capacity at specific conditions of reservoir and flowing pressures
deliverability test / productivity test
31
An instrument that measures the specific gravity of a mixture of gas, liquid and solids
densimeter / densitometer
32
The difference between two pressure measurements
differential pressure
33
The portion of movement of a downhole pump at which the rods are going down and the downhole pump is being filled with fluid
down stroke
34
Mechanical or electronic devices for measuring various properties in the well such as pressure, fluid flow rate from each branch of a multilateral well, temperature, vibration, composition, fluid flow regime, and fluid holdup
downhole sensors
35
The difference between the average reservoir pressure and the flowing bottomhole pressure
draw down
36
The water and heavy hydrocarbons that condense from the gas stream and accumulate in the lower points of the flowlines
drip
37
The level to which the static fluid level drops in the tubing or casing when the well produced under pumping conditions
dynamic fluid level
38
An instrument used in sucker-rod pumping to record the variation between the polished rod load and the polished rod displacement
dynamometer
39
The record made by the dynamometer
dynamometer card
40
A type of gas-lift valve that allows a gas-lift port size to be adjusted remotely from surface to positions from fully open to closed
electric gas lift valves
41
Deployed offshore in locations that have limited access to pipelines to carry natural gas to the mainland
FLNG / floating liquefied natural gas vessel
42
A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells to generate a stabilized gas deliverability curve (IPR), flowing the well under a constant rate until it reaches stabilized conditions (pseudosteady state)
flow after flow
43
A surface pipeline carrying oil, gas or water that connects the wellhead to a manifold or to production facilities, such as heater-treaters and separators
flow line
44
An instrument that measures the flow rate of fluids through a pipeline
flow meter
45
The flow of oil, gas or water through a pipe
flow stream
46
A pipe fitting with several lateral outlets for connecting flowlines from one or more wells
flowline manifold
47
The fluid sample from the wellhead that is used to analyze the composition of the flow
flowstream sample
48
A phenomenon that occurs when the downhole pump rate exceeds the production rate of the formation
fluid pound
49
A tool run on wireline to obtain fluid samples and measure formation pressures
fluid tester / wireline formation tester
50
A high flow rate reached with a new well
flush production
51
A phenomenon that occurs when gas enters the subsurface sucker-rod pump.
gas interference
52
The ratio of produced gas to produced liquids (oil and water)
GLR / gas liquid ratio
53
A condition sometimes encountered in a pumping well when dissolved gas, released from solution during the upstroke of the plunger, appears as free gas between the valves
gas lock
54
The ratio of produced gas to produced oil
GOR / gas oil ratio
55
Untreated gas that leaves the well
green gas
56
The total production of oil, gas or water from a well or field over a specific period of time
gross production
57
Debris, dirt, paraffin, oil, mill scale and rust removed from a pipeline when a scraper or a pig is used for cleaning purposes
gunk
58
An artificial-lift system that operates using a downhole pump
hydraulic pumping
59
Natural gas injected into a formation to maintain or restore reservoir pressure
injection gas
60
The pressure needed to inject fluid into the formation to pressurize or displace hydrocarbons
injection pressure
61
Water injected into the reservoir to pressurize and displace hydrocarbons to producing wells
injection water
62
A procedure conducted to establish the rate and pressure at which fluids can be pumped into the treatment target without fracturing the formation
injectivity test
63
A device made of rubber or polyurethane that has electronic devices
instrumented pig
64
A mathematical tool used in production engineering to assess well performance by plotting the well production rate against the flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP)
IPR / inflow performance relationship
65
A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells used to generate a stabilized gas deliverability curve (IPR) without actually flowing the well for the time required to achieve stabilized conditions (pseudosteady state)
isochronal test
66
Liquid condensed by a scrubber following a compression and cooling process
knock out
67
A test to detect hydrogen sulfide in a fluid by discoloration of a paper moistened with the lead acetate solution
lead acetate test
68
The determination of the location of a leak in a pipeline
leak detection
69
Natural gas that contains a few or no liquefiable liquid hydrocarbons / Residual gas, mainly methane and ethane, that remains after the heavier hydrocarbons have been condensed in the wellhead
lean gas / dry gas
70
A gas condensate with low condensate formation in the reservoir (when the bottomhole pressure is reduced below the dewpoint pressure)
lean gas condensate
71
Liquid hydrocarbon utilized to remove heavier components from the gas stream in a gas processing plant
lean oil
72
Crude oil that has a high API gravity, usually more than 40o
light crude oil
73
Hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as methane, ethane, propane and butane
light hydrocarbons
74
Natural gas, mainly methane and ethane, which has been liquefied at cryogenic temperatures
LNG / liquefied natural gas
75
Gas mainly composed of propane and butane, which has been liquefied at low temperatures and moderate pressures
LPG / liquefied petroleum gas
76
Liquid compounds such as propanes, butanes, pentanes and heavier products extracted from the gas flowstream
liquid hydrocarbons
77
Gas injected into a gas-condensate reservoir to maintain the pressure level, thus preventing further condensate dropout
makeup gas
78
A calibrated tank that automatically measures the liquid volume passing through it
measuring tank / metering tanks / dump tanks
79
A device used to measure volumes or rates of fluids (liquid or gas)
meter
80
The operation to adjust the meter to a specific standard
meter calibration
81
The maximum and the minimum rate of flow specified by the manufacturer to maintain accuracy in the readings
meter capacity
82
The difference in gas volume registered using two different meters
meter difference
83
A correction number for the meter, determined by calibrating the meter using an incompressible fluid (liquid)
meter factor
84
The volume of liquid that is not registered by the meter at a specific flow rate
meter slippage
85
A compound or complex ion that is formed by the union of water with methane
methane hydrate
86
A common measure for gas volume, standard conditions are normally set at 60oF and 14.7 psia
MMSCF / million standard cubic feet
87
A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells to generate a stabilized gas deliverability curve (IPR), overcomes the limitation of the isochronal test, which requires long shut-in times to reach the average reservoir pressure
modified isochronal test
88
A tubular placed at the bottom of the subsurface sucker-rod pump and inside the gas anchor to drive the formation fluid with little or no gas into the pump
mosquito bill
89
Large diameter pipe placed outside the gas anchor to reduce the amount of solids carried by the formation liquid entering the subsurface sucker-rod pump
mud anchor
90
A device that can register individual fluid flow rates of oil and gas when more than one fluid is flowing through a pipeline
multiphase meter
91
Crude oil containing asphaltic materials but very little or no paraffin wax
naphthene base crude oil
92
Components of natural gas that are liquid at surface in field facilities or in gas-processing plants
NGL / natural gas liquids
93
A natural gas liquid with a vapor pressure intermediate between condensate and liquefied petroleum gas
natural gasoline
94
The volume of gas produced less gas injected
net gas production
95
The volume of oil produced less oil injected
net oil production
96
Contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide [H2S], carbon dioxide [CO2], nitrogen [N2], and water, which are commonly associated with oil and gas production
nonhydrocarbon contaminants
97
An instrument that records the flow rate of gas through a pipeline
orifice meter
98
A condition in downhole pumping operations that occurs when the stroke length at the subsurface sucker-rod pump is longer than the surface stroke length (polished rod)
over travel / plunger overtravel
99
A crude oil containing paraffin wax but very few asphaltic materials
paraffin base crude oil
100
A situation in which the well and the reservoir are continuously monitored
permanent well monitoring
101
A device with blades or brushes inserted in a pipeline for cleaning purposes
pig
102
A spheroid implement used to displace liquid hydrocarbons from natural gas pipelines
pig
103
To run a scraper, or pig, through a pipeline for cleaning purposes
pig
104
The trip of a pig through a pipeline for cleaning purposes
pig run
105
The act of forcing a device called a pig through a pipeline for the purposes of displacing or separating fluids, and cleaning or inspecting the line
pigging
106
A measuring device for determining the gas-flow rate
Pitot tube
107
A type of gas-lift method that uses a plunger that goes up and down inside the tubing
plunger lift
108
A rod shorter than usual, usually placed below the polished rod and used to make a rod string of a desired length
pony rod
109
Volume of fluid injected in a well during hydraulic pumping
power fluid injection rate
110
In hydraulic pumping, the crude oil that is pressurized at surface to energize the bottom pump
power oil
111
The maximum pressure an electrical submersible pump can withstand
pressure capability
112
Also known as primary recovery, the first stage of hydrocarbon production, in which natural reservoir energy, such as gasdrive, waterdrive or gravity drainage, displaces hydrocarbons from the reservoir, into the wellbore and up to surface. Initially, the reservoir pressure is considerably higher than the bottomhole pressure inside the wellbore
primary production
113
The first stage of hydrocarbon production, in which natural reservoir energy, such as gasdrive, waterdrive or gravity drainage, displaces hydrocarbons from the reservoir, into the wellbore and up to surface
primary recovery
114
A procedure that involves sampling gas and liquid at different points across the diameter of pipe to evaluate the degree of stratification at a specific location
profile testing
115
type of a sucker rod-pumping unit that uses a rotor and a stator
progressive cavity pumping system
116
The cylinder of the downhole pump
pump barrel
117
A phenomenon produced when pump submergence into the fluid column is low
pump off
118
The difference in hydrostatic head between the pump depth and the dynamic fluid level above the pump
pump submergence
119
The relationship between actual pump displacement and the pump displacement under ideal conditions
pump volumetric efficiency / volumetric efficiency
120
A component of a production-logging tool that carries a radioactive solution (often carnotite) that can be selectively released into a flow stream
radioactive tracer
121
The difference between the maximum load reached in the upstroke and the minimum load registered in the downstroke
range of load
122
Crude oil direct from the wellbore, before it is treated in a gas separation plant
raw crude oil
123
Gas coming directly from the wellbore containing nonhydrocarbon contaminants and hydrocarbons that can be liquefied
raw natural gas
124
Injection gas that has returned to surface and it is not reinjected into the gas-lift system
recoverable gas lift gas
125
An unmanned submersible vehicle controlled from surface
ROV / remotely operated vehicle
126
Natural forces in the reservoir that displace hydrocarbons out of the reservoir into the wellbore and up to surface
reservoir drive mechanisms
127
The formation of liquid hydrocarbons in a gas reservoir as the pressure in the reservoir decreases below dewpoint pressure during production
retrograde condensation
128
Natural gas containing heavier hydrocarbons than a lean gas
rich gas
129
Gas condensate comprising significant amounts of heavy hydrocarbon products, which can produce relatively large volumes of condensate
rich gas condensate
130
Lean oil that has absorbed heavier hydrocarbon components from a gas stream
rich oil
131
A gas-lift system that recycles the injected gas using compressors
rotational gas lift
132
A swabbing device used to clean up sand that has accumulated in the wellbore
sand bailer
133
A platform on which surface multiphase pumps can be mounted and connected to subsea multiphase pumps
satellite platform
134
To remove impurities, water, liquid hydrocarbons or traces of other gases by passing the gas flowstream through a scrubber, a device in which the gas is mixed with a suitable liquid that absorbs or washes out the constituent to be removed
scrub
135
A device to remove dirt, water, foreign matter, or undesired liquids that are part of the gas flowstream
scrubber
136
Oil recovered from a knockout or scrubber device
scrubber oil
137
The pressure required to force fluids to enter a separator
separator backpressure
138
The gas that remains after its separation from condensate
separator gas
139
The mixture of liquid samples taken from the upper, middle and lower sections of a storage tank
single tank composite sample
140
A substance added at slow rate to the production fluid stream to prevent corrosion
slow release inhibitor
141
A type of flow in which surface equipment may be damaged by the sudden impact of a liquid slug in a phenomenon called water hammer
slug flow
142
Accumulation of a water, oil or condensate in a gas pipeline
slugging
143
A chemical used to break emulsions to determine the total amount of sediment and water in the samples
slugging compound
144
An acoustic device that measures the time required for an explosive sound to echo from the annular liquid level in nonflowing wells
sonolog
145
A crude oil containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide or mercaptans
sour crude oil
146
A gas containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide or mercaptans, all of which are extremely harmful
sour gas
147
A production logging method that uses a small propeller turned by fluid movement
spin flowmeter
148
A term describing a flowing well when its rate of production through a given choke size remains constant, or in the case of a pumping well, when the fluid column within the well remains constant in height
stabilized
149
In a subsurface sucker-rod pump, a valve that permits flow up the tubing to fill the pump-barrel chamber while preventing downward flow
standing valve
150
The level to which fluid rises in a well when the well is shut in
static fluid level
151
A device used to catch and hold the debris flowing in pipelines
strainer
152
In a sucker-rod pump, one complete round of the polished rod (surface stroke)
stroke
153
The number of strokes the polished rod completes in one minute
strokes per minute
154
Light crude oil containing sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide
sulfur light crude
155
Oil containing small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
sweet crude oil
156
Natural gas that contains small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
sweet gas
157
A temperature data set taken at various depths in the wellbore
temperature survey
158
a common measure for volume of gas, standard conditions are normally set at 60oF and 14.7 psia
TSCF / thousand standard cubic feet per day
159
In a subsurface sucker-rod pump, the valve that closes the barrel chamber allowing the trapped fluid to be lifted in the upstroke of the pump
traveling valve
160
Pressure on the tubing in a well, as measured at the wellhead
tubing pressure
161
In sucker-rod pumping, a situation that occurs when the stroke length at the downhole pump is shorter than the surface stroke length
under travel
162
Gas that is being stored in salt domes, salt layers or depleted oil and gas fields
underground gas storage
163
The stage of downhole pumping at which the polished rod is going up and the downhole pump is pumping fluid
upstroke
164
The ratio of water produced compared to the volume of total liquids produced
water cut
165
The ratio of produced water to produced oil
water oil ratio
166
The volume of produced water associated with oil production
water production
167
The pressure registered in the wellhead of a producing well
wellhead backpressure
168
Natural gas containing significant heavy hydrocarbons
wet gas
169
Oil that contains basic sediment and water (BS&W)
wet oil
