Prof. Ed Facilitating Learning Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Physical changes.
Can be measured quantifiable.
Height, Weight, Age.
A
Growth
2
Q
happens during neonatal prenatal infancy adolescence
Improvement of body function.
A
Development
3
Q
Acquiring knowledge, skills, behavior, training, education. (Change of behavior Evidence of learning.)
A
Learning
3
Q
Internal ripening. Both mental and physical.
A
Maturation
3
Q
development and linguistics social skills motor skills
A
Play
3
Q
From head to toe.
A
Cephalocaudal
4
Q
Center to exterior extremities.
A
Proximodistal
5
Q
Growth from both sides
A
Bilateral
6
Q
Proponent of Psychoanalytic Theory
A
Sigmund Freud
7
Q
Psychonalytic Theory Personality Components
A
Id - Pleasure. Instinct. Want
Ego - Reality. Action, decision maker
Super ego - Moral science. conscience
8
Q
Pleasure area
A
Erogenous zone
9
Q
Tendency to stay at a particular stage.
A
Fixation
10
Q
First stage of Psychosexual theory
A
Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months)
11
Q
Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months) Conflicts
A
Perceptive - Smoking. Drinking.
Aggressive - Gossip.
12
Q
Second stage of Psychosexual theory
A
Anal Stage. (18 months to 3 years)
13
Q
Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years) Conflicts
A
Retentive. Cleanliness.
Expulsive. disorganized
14
Q
Third stage of Psychosexual theory
A
Phallic stage. (3 years to 6 years)
15
Q
Phallic Stage (3 years to 6 years) Conflicts
A
Oedipus complex - Son to mother.
Electra Complex. - Daughter to father.
16
Q
Fourth stage of Psychosexual theory
None. Dormant.
Academic skills. Girls to girls. Boys to boys.
A
Latency stage. (6 to 12 years)
17
Q
Fifth stage of Psychosexual theory
Sexual urges reawakening.
Attracted to opposite sex
A
Genital stage. 12 years.
18
Q
Proponent of Cognitive Developmental theory
A
Jean Piaget
19
Q
First Cognitive Developmental theory stage:
Birth to 2 years.
More on senses.
object permanence
A
Sensimotor stage
20
Q
Second Cognitive Developmental theory stage:
2 to 7 years.
A
Preoperational Stage.
21
Q
Preoperational sub-Stage:
Represent object.
A
Symbolic functions
22
Preoperational sub-Stage:
Only sees his point of view.
Ex. ako lang ang pamangkin ni tito
Egocentrism
23
Preoperational sub-Stage:
Focus on one thing. exclude other aspects
Ex. mataas vs malawak na baso
Centration
24
Preoperational sub-Stage:
Remain unchanged despite looking different
Ex. Peeled banana is different from unpeeled banana
Lack of Conservation
25
Preoperational sub-Stage:
Inability to reverse. Circle clay cannot be remolded into a perfect circle.
circle clay can't remolded back to perfect circle
Irreversibility
26
Preoperational sub-Stage:
Like personification.
human like
Animism
27
Preoperational sub-Stage:
Dreams are real. unreal movies
Realism
28
Third Cognitive Developmental theory stage:
7 to 11 years.
Concrete Operational Stage
29
Concrete Operational sub-Stage:
can perceive different features
Decentering
30
Concrete Operational sub-Stage:
follow certain operations. deformed circle clay can be reformed into the perfect circle.
Reversibility
31
Concrete Operational sub-Stage:
properties object do not change.
Conservation
32
Concrete Operational sub-Stage:
can arrange things, series or objects
Seriation
33
Concrete Operational sub-Stage:
ability to classify objects – put them together based on their color, shape, etc.
Classification
34
Concrete Operational sub-Stage:
Dog is a Mammal
German Shepherd is a Dog, then German Shephed is a Mammal too
Transitivity
35
Concrete Operational sub-Stage:
can consider other people.
Overcoming Egocentrism
36
Fourth Cognitive Developmental theory stage:
11 years and beyond
Formal Operational Stage
37
Formal Operational sub-Stage:
come up / judgment / decide on his or her own
Hypothetical reasoning
38
Formal Operational sub-Stage:
analyze
individuals can understand and solve problems through analogies
Analogical reasoning
39
Formal Operational sub-Stage:
General to specific.
Deductive method
40
Basic Cognitive concepts (Cognitive Developmental Theory):
prior knowledge
dog as 4 legs, has two ears
Schema
41
Basic Cognitive concepts (Cognitive Developmental Theory):
fitting new experience.
heard a dog barking - assimilate this with prior knowledge
Assimilation
42
Basic Cognitive concepts (Cognitive Developmental Theory):
new schema of another animal; dog and cat
creating. modifying.
Accommodation
43
Basic Cognitive concepts (Cognitive Developmental Theory):
correcting a child that dog and bird are different.
Proper balance.
Equilibration
44
Proponent of Social Cultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky
45
Theory that says that learning is a social process tied to and driven by our specific culture.
Lev Vygotsky
Social Cultural Theory
46
Theory that says that children's intelligence undergoes changes as they grow
Cognitive Developmental Theory
47
Theory that says that human personality is a result of the id, ego, and superego.
Psychoanalytic theory
48
When a child can do things without assistance alone.
Zone of actual/achieved Development (ZAD)
49
Space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with the guidance of an MKO or more knowledgeable other.
Zone of proximal development. (ZPD)
50
Guidance or structure of the more knowledgeable other.
Provides to help the learner Perform tasks in his or her ZPD.
Scaffolding
51
Intensive form of guided participation. No visa works with an expert to learn a task.
Apprenticeship
52
Mentor provides guidance to notice about how to think about it a task.
Cognitive apprenticeship
53
The theory that suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn
Social learning Theory
54
Proponent of Social learning Theory
Albert Bandura
55
Process of observational theory (Bandura)
Attention – awareness
Retention. - remembering Behavior.
motor reproduction - Ability to replicate.
Motivation. - will emulate behavior
56
basic model of observational learning:
Actual individual demonstrating.
Acting out a behavior
Live model
57
basic model of observational learning:
Real or fictional. characters Displaying behaviors in books, tv programs
Symbolic model
58
basic model of observational learning:
explanations and descriptions of a behavior.
Verbal instructional Model.
59
Theory that focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.
Theory of Behaviorism
60
Proponent of Theory of Behaviorism
John B. Watson
61
Proponent of Moral Development Theory
Lawrence Kohlberg
62
Stage 1 of preconventional stage (Birth to nine years):
avoid punishment.
Punishment obedience orientation
63
Stage 1 of preconventional stage (Birth to nine years):
mutual benefit.
Instrumental Relativist orientation
64
Stage 3 of Conventional stage. (9 to 20 years.):
performing designated roles and living up to the expectations of society.
Good boy Nice girl orientation
65
Stage 4 of Conventional stage. (9 to 20 years.):
respecting the rules, performing duties, and obeying authority.
Law and order orientation.
66
Stage 5 of Post conventional stage. - (20 years and beyond):
laws are not consistent with individual rights and the interests of the majority, they do not bring about good for people and alternatives should be considered.
Social Contract Orientation
67
Stage 6 of Post conventional stage. - (20 years and beyond):
People at this stage have developed their own set of moral guidelines, which may or may not fit the law
Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
68
Proponent of Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
69
The process in which an automatic, conditioned response is paired with specific stimuli.
Classical conditioning
70
Principles of Classical Conditioning:
the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus
Stimulus generalization
71
Principles of Classical Conditioning:
unlearning or removing Action.
Extinction
72
Principles of Classical Conditioning:
Relearning.
Spontaneous recovery
73
Principles of Classical Conditioning:
They are not all the same.
Discrimination
74
Principles of Classical Conditioning:
Changing stimulus
Higher order Conditioning
75
Principles of Classical Conditioning:
attached stimulus.
Adhesive principle
76
Principles of Classical Conditioning:
there's a reaction even without Stimulus.
Principle of Excitation
77
Proponent of Connectionism
Edward Thorndike
78
Creatures can create connections between stimuli and responses through learning.
Experiment. the cat learns to associate pressing the lever (S) with opening the door (R).
Edward Thorndike's Connectionism
79
Connectionism law:
Prepared
Law of readiness.
80
Connectionism law:
often Repeated
Law of exercise.
81
Connectionism law:
Strengthens Positive. Weakens negative
Law of Effect
82
Connectionism law:
paired stimuli possess similarity.
Law of belongingness
83
Connectionism law:
relating two or more experience
Law of association
84
Connectionism law:
Same stimulus different Response.
Law of Multiple Response
85
Connectionism law:
response repeated, the grated tendency to remember
Law of frequency
86
Connectionism law:
Events happened together, become associated.
Law of contiguity
87
Connectionism law:
You do things because it is required
Law of Requirement
88
Theory that says that a behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated, and behavior that is punished will rarely occur.
Operant / Instrumental conditioning theory
89
Proponent of Operant / Instrumental conditioning theory
Burrhus Frederick Skinner / B. F. Skinner
90
Reward/Strengthen. (Operant)
Positive. - Add something pleasant. / Increase behavior.
Negative. - Take away unpleasant.
91
Reduce response. (Operant)
Positive. - Give something doesn't like.
Negative - remove what he or she likes
92
Proponent of Theory of Constructivism.
Coined scaffolding.
Father of educational technology.
Jerome Bruner
93
Theory that says that learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information
Theory of Constructivism.
94
Jerome Bruner's Modes of cognitive representation:
0 to 1 year.
Actions. movements.
Enactive
95
Jerome Bruner's Modes of cognitive representation:
1 year to 6 years
Model. images. Pictures. Icons
Iconic
96
Jerome Bruner's Modes of cognitive representation:
7 years.
Language, abstracts, numbers
Symbolic
97
Internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction.
Motivation
98
(Motivation) External factors - rewards and punishments
Extrinsic motivation
99
(Motivation) Within the individual. - the person may want to learn something he or she is interested in.
Intrinsic motivation.
100
Proponent of Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
101
Theory that says that people were motivated by survival and other needs.
Hierarchy of needs.
102
Hierarchy of needs:
Physiological
Safety
Love and belongingness
Esteem
Cognitive
Aesthetic
Self actualization
Self transcendence
103
Proponent of Cone of experiences/Pyramid Learning
Father of modern educational technology
Edgar Dale
104
Cone of experiences:
hands-on learning or practice of a real thing.
Direct purposeful experience.
105
Cone of experiences:
edited or imitated versions of reality, like mock-ups, simulations, gamification, and models.
contrived experience.
106
Cone of experiences:
recreated situations
role-plays, that are based on real-life happenings
Dramatized experience.
107
Cone of experiences:
visual explanations of how something works.
Demonstration
108
Cone of experiences:
to observe different objects, situations, activities, and other related information in a real-world setting
Field trip.
109
Cone of experiences:
meaningful displays with limited handling.
Ex. Galleries and museums
Exhibits
110
Cone of experiences:
learning videos and animations where both visual and auditory senses are being used.
Motion Pictures.
111
Cone of experiences:
refers to photographs and audio recordings like podcasts.
Audio/Recordings
112
Cone of experiences:
graphic representations of concepts, which include charts, diagrams, infographics, graphs, flowcharts, and the like.
Pictures/Visual symbol.
113
Cone of experiences:
refer to texts or words, like terminologies, rules, formulas, and other similar concepts.
Text/Verbal symbols.
114
Cone of experiences percentage
Read 10%.
Hear 20%.
See. 30%.
See and hear 50%.
Say and write 70%.
Say and do 90%.
115
Proponent of Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner
116
A theory describing the different ways students learn and acquire information.
Multiple intelligence.
117
Multiple intelligence:
Musical sounds. rhythms, tones, playing instruments.
Musical
118
Multiple intelligence:
Understanding yourself. Control thoughts, Actions, feelings.
Intrapersonal
119
Multiple intelligence:
Natural living. Biological science.
Naturalist
120
Multiple intelligence:
Words. Reading, writing. poems. Language
Verbal/Linguistic.
121
Multiple intelligence:
understanding other people. Leader.
Interpersonal
122
Multiple intelligence:
Visualizing. Maze. Judge distance. Map.
Spacial/visual
123
Multiple intelligence:
Maneuvering your body, Physical activity. Dance, sports Athletes.
Bodily/Kinesthetic
124
Multiple intelligence:
Reading graph. Organizing. Numbers. critical thinking
Logical/numerical/Mathematical
125
