Professionalism pharmacy skills

Question 1

what is clinical pharmacy ?

Answer 1

Clinical pharmacy comprises of a set of functions that promote safe, effective use of medicines for patients.

Question 2

what are the key aspects of clinical pharmacy (acronym) :

Answer 2

SAEC

safety
appropriateness
efficacy
cost

Question 3

What are the 3 qualities required to achieve “good prescribing” ?

Answer 3

1) Patient’s wants

2) technical properties

3) General good

Question 4

what are the 4 principles of medical ethics ?

Answer 4

1) beneficence (doing good)

2) non-maleficence (not doing harm)

3) justice (greater good)

4) Patient autonomy (choice)

Question 5

what is the short hand writing for “initial diagnosis” ?

Answer 5

“impression” pr “imp” for short.

symbolised by a triangle

Question 6

what is Hyponatraemia ?

Answer 6

low sodium level

Question 7

What is Hypernatremia ?

Answer 7

deficit of water relative to sodium.

low levels of water, high levesl of sodium.

Question 8

HYPO/HYPERkalaemia ?

Answer 8

Low or high levels of potassium

Question 9

Symptoms of hypo/hyperkalaemia:

Answer 9

1) Tachycardia
2) lethal
3) weakness
4) fatigue
5) musclecramps
6) arrthymia

Question 10

what causes low levels of urea ?

Answer 10

Lack of protein in diet

Question 11

What causes high levels of urea ?

Answer 11

Dehydration or bleeding

Question 12

What is creatine clearance also known as ? (CrCl)

Answer 12

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 13

what is creatine ?

Answer 13

A product of muscle breakdown,

that is completely excreted by the kidney

Question 14

Creatine clearance equation:

Answer 14

N x (140-age) x weight / Serum creatine

N = 1.23 (male) or 1.04 (female)

Question 15

What are the 2 main functions of the liver ?

Answer 15

1) Protein production

2) metabolism (including metabolism for many drugs)

Question 16

Liver cells also known as:

Answer 16

Hepatocytes

Question 17

how is impaired liver function usually detected ?

Answer 17

Low levels of albumin.

And also low albumin and high bilirubin

Question 18

what is bilirubiun ?

Answer 18

product of the break down of haemoglobin

• it binds to albumin

Question 19

As albumin levels of low, he level of bilirubin…. ?

Answer 19

Increases

as less albumin is present to bind to bilirubin, more free bilirubin.

Question 20

what are the 3 different types of white blood cells ?

Answer 20

1) granulocytes

2) monocytes

3) lymphocytes

Question 21

what are granulocytes classed as ?

Answer 21

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils.

Question 22

What are monocytes and lymphocytes classed as ?

Answer 22

Agranulocytes.

Question 23

Function of the different types of defence cells : (5)

Answer 23

neutrophils for : infection and tissue necrosis

basophils: allergies

eosinophils: allergies

monocytes: infection

lymphocytes : viral infections

Question 24

erythropoiesis ?

Answer 24

Formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 25

Leukaemia ?

Answer 25

excessive number of abnormal white blood cells

Question 26

Anaemia ?

Answer 26

deficiency of red blood cells.

Question 27

What is haemostasis ?

Answer 27

Process of stopping bleeding and start clotting of blood.

Question 28

What is thrombocytopenia ?

Answer 28

Low level of platelets

Question 29

What is the erthyrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) :

Answer 29

The rate at which blood cells settle out of venuous blood

Question 30

What is CRP :

Answer 30

C Reactive Protein

• helps to indicate inflammation or infection

Question 31

what are the 4 stages of the “Calgary Cambridge model” ?

Answer 31

1) initiation

2) Information

3) Explanation and planning

4) Closing

Question 32

what does Socrates stand for ?

Answer 32

1) Site

2) onset

3) Character

4) radiation

5) associations

6) timing/duration

7)Exacerbating/alleviating factors

8) Severity

Question 33

Define medicines reconciliation ?

Answer 33

Identifying and listing the medications taken by a patient

and comparing them with the ones they currently use.

• recognising any discrepancies
• documenting any changes

Question 34

what info must be taken for each drug (medicines reconciliation) ?

Answer 34

1) Name

2) Strength

3) Form

4) Dosage

5) Frequency

6) Route of admin

7) Duration of admin

• also the indication of the med
• also allergies
• any side effects
• any difficulties taking the medication
• any recreational
• also ask about any OTC/herbal stuff