Profprac III Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Planning Services
A
Project Chronology
2
Q
The life of a facility goes through many phases. It starts
out as an idea.
A
Introduction
3
Q
The idea is combined with ____, and the project is born.
A
money
(INTROUDCTION)
4
Q
The Project is develop as ________. It is
then built. When it is complete it is turn over to the owner
as a finished facility and is occupied, maintained, and
repair as it ages and eventually dies.
A
drawings and specifications
(INTRODUCTION)
5
Q
Life Cycle of a Project
A
(INTRODUCTION)
Feasibility Analysis
(Go or No GO)
Design
Procurement
Construction
Turnover
Operation
Disposal
6
Q
All construction activity is the result of ______
A
basic economic demand
(Initiation of the Project)
7
Q
All construction activity is the result of basic economic demand. Individual consumers have ongoing needs for home, stores, roads, manufacturing plants, and similar facilities that provide food, shelter, and other goods
and services to meet the needs of daily life.
A
- Initiation of the Project
8
Q
Specific construction projects arise because of corporation or government bodies recognize the needs for facilities to serve this demand act to create them.
A
- Initiation of the Project
9
Q
Recognizing needs is the first step, but there
must be a way to move from recognition to
reality.
A
- Initiation of the Project
10
Q
Before deciding to invest in a specific area,
an investor wants to be reasonably sure that
he or she will see an adequate return on the
specific product or services produced for that
environment. Therefore, before any serious
money is committed, an analysis is usually
performed to examine the proposed
investment from several standpoints.
A
- Feasibility Analysis
11
Q
The decision about whether or not to move a project into design depends on ______________________.
A
(FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS)
cost of money,
schedule,
budget, and
market demand,
12
Q
If the project gets past the first hurdle of profitability of
the investor, the owner must next line up financial
backing for some of the work.
A
- Financing
13
Q
Although investors walk into projects with some money,
most are unable to fund 100% of the work.
A
- Financing
14
Q
A developer might barrow from banks or insurance
company or invite outside investors to share in future
profits.
A
- Financing
15
Q
If the owner decides to proceeds at this point, he
or she typically hires a design professional.
A
- Design of the Project
16
Q
If the owner elects to proceed using a
construction management’s mode, he or she
chooses a construction professional as well.
A
- Design of the Project
17
Q
The construction professional provides cost,
schedule and construction advise through the
design process.
A
- Design of the Project
18
Q
A program is a written statement of the
requirements of the building.
-It is the basis of the design.
A
Programming
19
Q
describes the spaces needed, the
service required in those spaces and the
relationship of the functions to be performed in
the building.
A
Programming
20
Q
If a construction professional has been engaged,
he or she is providing early cost estimates, early
schedules, and advice on constructability.
A
Programming
21
Q
When ______ is complete, the owner has
information about the needed size of the project in
relation to the requirements of the users.
A
Programming
22
Q
Usually, an estimate and schedule are produced
to give the owner preliminary information that
can be checked against the initial projections.
A
Programming
23
Q
Once the program is complete and the owner
has decided to proceed. The designer begins
actual design of the project. The process begins
with the _________
A
Schematic Design
24
Q
the stage in which the
designer defines the building’s characteristics in
a number of ways.
-Before this begins, the owner
selects a site for the building, and site
investigations.
A
Schematic Design
25
The architects develop preliminary floor plans
that reflects the relationships of the various
functional areas to one another. Siting and
location of the building are determined as well
as its visual form.
Schematic Design
26
During this stage several options are often
pursued. The architect’s design team generates
many alternatives and rejects many before they
are developed into materials presented to the
owner.
Schematic Design
27
At this time, all information developed to
date—market information, financing costs, and
design—are factored into the decision.
Schematic Design
28
When the project team enters _______, it pursues a single design concept.
Design Development
29
The purpose of this stage is to refine the design
and obtain detailed information from the users
about their requirements.
Design Development
30
During this phase, the owner, the architect, and
(if applicable) the construction professional
finalize the design of the major building systems.
Design Development
31
As in all the phases of the project development,
cost estimates are refigured. They give the
owner a greater degree of certainty about the
final cost.
Design Development
32
At this last stage of design, the architect creates
the final working ________ used
to bid the job for construction and to build the
job in the field.
Construction Documents
33
If the documents waver from any of these
agreed-upon criteria, problems may ensue
during construction that could cost the owner
money and time.
Construction Documents
34
defined as the overall process of
finding and purchasing the material called for in
the contract and hiring the best subcontractors
to build the project.
6. Procurement
35
The first task is to hire the many subcontractors
who will actually erect and assemble the project.
6. Procurement
36
the owner, with the architect’s assistance, request bids
from a list of qualified contractors. Contractors
and their subcontractor prepare their best
estimate of what they believe the project will
cost them to complete. This cost is submitted to
the owner and the architect within a specified
amount of time. After evaluating competing bids,
the owner enters into a contract for construction.
Traditional COntracting Mode
37
the project documents are divided into bid
packages, which are logical subdivisions of work
based on typical contractor specialization.
Procurement - construction management mode
38
Both the architect and the construction manager
help the owner evaluate these bids. In either
case, the owner’s task is to find the best and
lease costly contracting firm to do the work in
the field.
Procurement - construction management mode
39
Once the procurement process has been
completed, _____ of the project can begin.
7. Construction
40
The main element involved in ______ is the
______. This means scheduling the crews in
the proper sequence, choosing the most efficient
and safe construction techniques and methods,
and directing the production process for the
building activities.
7. Construction
task of managing and coordinating the field
operations
41
A parallel task is the _____. This
job the paper work of the project requires more
than simple record keeping. It involves controlling
changes to the scope of the project, accounting
for payments and other cost to ensure adequate
financial control, maintaining work schedules,
keeping track of the contract documentation, and
monitoring quality control task.
contract administrator
42
a team effort, involving
the construction manager, the designer , and the
owner; and it often requires meeting and other
forms of communication to deal with problems
quickly and effectively so that the project can
remain on schedule.
contract administration
43
also a legal process during which the
building becomes the legal the legal property and
responsibility of the owner.
8. Turnover and Start-up
44
Turn-over involve obtaining various legal
certification, such as:
1. certificate of occupancy
2. certificate of substantial completion,
3. certificates of warranty
4. As-builts plans
5. Insurance certificates
6. Inspection reports
7. completed change order,
8.various types of waivers
45
it is the final documents
which reflects the actual projects due to
changes during construction which must
be documented.
As-builts plans
46
-this protect all the
parties after the contractual relationship is
severed at the end of the project.
various types of waivers
47
This paste is the responsibility of the owner
and/or the tenant of the building and usually
does not involve either the architect or the
construction professional.
9. Operation of the Facility
48
It is the period in which the building is put to the
use for which it was intended.
9. Operation of the Facility
49
At the end of its useful life, a project or facility
may meet any one of a number of fates. It may
be closed down or simply abandoned. It may be
disassembled or removed. It may also be
renovated or overhauled and thereby brought
back to peak operating condition or may be
remodelled and converted to another use.
10. Disposal of the Facility
50
a group of individuals who are
cooperating willingly and effectively for a common
goal
Organization
51
“Organization is
the form of every human association for the
attainment of a common purpose”
James Mooney
52
the act of putting into systematic
relationships those elements and activities essential to
the satisfaction of the purpose.
Organization
53
serves as a facilitating agency in the
achievement of purpose.
Organization
54
a distinct process consisting of
planning, organizing, actuating and controlling,
performed to determine and accomplish the
objectives by the use of people and resources
Management
55
the effective motivation of men
and the efficient utilization of resources for the
attainment of the predetermine objective.
Management
56
It refers
to money, methods. materials, machines and
markets.
Management
57
6Ms of Organization
Men
Money
Materials
Method
Market
Machine
58
are the different members of the organization starting
from the very top of the last workman in the enterprise.
Men
59
–represents the materials necessary in the distribution
of functions or in the attainment of its objectives
Materials
60
the tools necessary in producing its desired output
Machine
61
the procedures and ways used in the course of its
action
Methods
62
the financial sources of the organization
Money
63
the potential source of profit of an organization.
Market
64
Refers to the activity combining technical
knowledge with the ability to organized and
coordinate the 6M’s of organization.
Architect/Engineer Management
65
refers to the
process consisting of planning, organizing,
actuating, budgeting and controlling the 6M’s of
organization using technical knowledge and ability
for a particular construction project.
Project Construction Management
66
1.To achieve proper control of the project to
assure the completion according to schedule
within the budget .
2.To achieve the desired quality of the resulting
product or service.
Project Management
Objectives
67
An undertaking that only a qualified person or group of
people is allowed to undertake. It involves materials.
Money , manpower , machines and methods, without these
resources nothing will be accomplished
Construction Project
68
has been defined as an organization of people
with varied skills, which uses capital and talent to produce
goods and services, which can be sold to others or more
than their costs or it may be considered as the system
through which economic activity was organized by those
who seek profit
Business
69
are often considered as business
minded people
Architects and Engineers
70
In a competitive construction busimess, the
________ is predominant factor of
considerations for upon it may rest the
justification for and in fact the very survival of
the company. No one feels secure about
investing in or doing business within a venture
that appears to be skidding downward.
Profit Motive
71
the universal lubricant, which keeps a business
enterprise dynamic . Without sufficient financing, a business
cannot get started and without adequate budgeting, a
business once startedcannot reach its full potential.
Money
72
The business must have sufficient capital structure to sustain
its growth. It also needs sound profit plan or budget to
support and control its day to day operations. Thus, a healthy
construction company is one, which has sufficient resources
and the capability of controlling its cash flow.
Budget
73
Construction business requires sufficient funds to cover its
operation to maintain equipment, purchase of materials and
supplies, to pay salaries and wages, to cover storage fees,
transportation and reserve for other services. These are
current operations where funds to cover them are called
working capitals
74
-are non-traditional, an innovative processes
for development.
-are complex efforts.
-produces specific results during a fixed
schedule within an established budget.
Project
75
works out independently from the
normal chain of command of the organization. He exercises
the power of functional departments or divisions in his
decisions for given targets. He thus negotiates with the
functional departments directly, cutting across staff and line
hierarchies common in the classical organization.
PM
76
the financer or
sponsor of the project
Owner( Private or Government)-
77
the one in charge in
supervision, planning, directing, controlling the
project activities
Architect/engineer-
78
the contractors,
subcontractors, or can be the sponsor of a
particular project
Developers/Builders-
79
the adviser, assures quality and
provides techniques in consulting the project
Consultant/specialist (design, management. Construction
and other sub-specialties)-
80
workers etc.
Others
81
At the early stage of strategic planning for a capital project, an owner often seeks the services of ________such as certified public accounting (CPA) firms
to evaluate the economic and financial feasibility of the
constructed facility, particularly with respect to various
provisions of federal, state and local tax laws which may
affect the investment decision. Investment banks may also be consulted on various options for financing the facility in
order to analyze their long-term effects on the financial
health of the owner organization.
financial planning consultants
82
Traditionally, the owner engages an _____ or consoritum as technical consultant
in developing a preliminary design.
Architectural and Engineering Firms
83
In order to reduce the cost of construction, some owners
introduce ______, which seeks to reduce the cost
of construction by soliciting a second design that might cost
less than the original design produced by the A/E firm.
value engineering
84
A common trend in industrial construction, particularly for
large projects, is to engage the services of a _____
design/construct
firm.
85
One of the most obvious advantages of the
integrated design/construct process is the use of
________ for a large project. In this
process, the project is divided up into several
phases, each of which can be designed and
constructed in a staggered manner.
Phased Construction
86
Another advantage
is to exploit the possibility of using the ____
approach whereby an owner can delegate all
responsibility to the design/construct firm which
will deliver to the owner a completed facility that
meets the performance specifications at the
specified price.
turnkey
87
In recent years, a new breed of ________ offers professional services from the inception to the
completion of a construction project. These construction
managers mostly come from the ranks of A/E firms or
general contractors who may or may not retain dual roles
in the service of the owners.
CM
88
As a logical extension for obtaining the best
services throughout the project life cycle of a
constructed facility, some owners and developers
are receptive to adding strategic planning at the
beginning and facility maintenance as a follow-up
to reduce space-related costs in their real estate
holdings.
Facilities Management
89
Builders who supervise the execution of construction
projects are traditionally referred to as _____, or
more appropriately called ______
Construction Contractors
contractors
constructors
90
The _____ coordinates various tasks for a project
while the ____ such as mechanical or
electrical contractors perform the work in their
specialties.
general contractor
specialty contractors
91
Material and equipment suppliers often
act as _____; they play a significant
role in a construction project since the conditions of
delivery of materials and equipment affect the
quality, cost, and timely completion of the project.
installation contractors
92
The function of a_______ is to coordinate all tasks in a
construction project.
general contractor
93
include mechanical, electrical,
foundation, excavation, and demolition contractors among
others. They usually serve as subcontractors to the general
contractor of a project.
Specialty contractors
94
Major material suppliers include specialty contractors in
structural steel fabrication and erection, sheet metal, ready
mixed concrete delivery, reinforcing steel bar detailers,
roofing, glazing etc.
Material and Equipment Suppliers
95
Major Types of Construction Projects
Residential Housing Construction
Institutional and Commercial Building
Specialized Construction
Infrastructure and Heavy Construction
96
includes single family
houses, multi family dwellings.and high-rise departments.
Residential Housing Construction
97
encompasses a great variety of project types and sizes, such as schools and universities , medical clinics and hospitals, recreational facilities and sports stadiums, retail chain stores and large shopping centers , warehouses and light manufacturing plants, and skyscrapers for offices and hotels.
Institutional and commercial building construction
98
usually involves very large scale projects with a high degree of technological complexity , such as oil refineries, steel mills, chemical processing plants and coal-fired or nuclear power plants.
Specialized Industrial construction
99
includes projects such as highways, mass transit system, tunnels , bridges, pipelines drainage systems and sewage treatment plants.Most of these projects sre publicly owned and therefore financed either through bonds or taxes.This category of construction is characterized by a high degree of mechanization, which has gradually replaced some
labor intensive operations.
Infrastructures and heavy construction
100
-These companies generally work on jobs requiring small amounts of capital and the type of work that does not require much estimating or a large construction organization. They usually perform home alterations or small commercial and office work .
SMALL RENOVATION CONTRACTORS
101
These companies often are experts in either new
buildings or alteration work. Many building
contractors subcontractor a major portion of their
work, while alteration contractors generally
perform many of the trades with their own forces
GENERAL CONTRACTORS
102
The company that acts
as an _______ is not a contractor in the
strict sense of the word,such a company builds
buildings only for its own ownership, either to
sell on completion, or to rent and operate.
Examples of this type of company include
giants in industry, and many of them are listed
on the various stock exchanges.
OWNER-BUILDER CONTRACTOR
103
This type of
owner builder who in addition to building for
personal ownership, may also build to sell,
before or after completion of the project. One
and two – family home builders are included
in this category
REAL STATE DEVELOPER
104
–such companies take on a contract for both design and
construction of the building, Often these services
in addition, include acquisition of and and
financing of the project, firms that engage in
package building usually are able to show
prospective clients prototypes or similar buildings
completed by them for previous owners, from and
inspection of the prototype and discussion of
possible variations or features to be included, an
approximate idea is gained by hte prospective
owner of the cost and function of the proposed
building.
PACKAGE (TURNKEY) BUILDERS
105
Project Participant
Owner( Private or Government)-
Architect/engineer-
Developers/Builders-
Consultant/specialist
Others (Involve in construction)-workers etc.
106
Although many owners keep a permanent staff for the
operation and maintenance of constructed facilities, others
may prefer to contract such tasks to professional managers.
Operation and Maintenance Managers
107
Types of Construction Companies
SMALL RENOVATION CONTRACTORS
GENERAL CONTRACTORS
OWNER-BUILDER-
REAL STATE DEVELOPER
PACKAGE (TURNKEY) BUILDERS
SPONSOR BUILDER-
108
often employ their own staff
of architects and engineers as well as
construction personnel . Some package
builders subcontract the design portion to
independent architects or engineers.
PACKAGE (TURNKEY) BUILDERS
109
In the field of government aided
or subsidized building, particularly in the field of housing,
a _____ may be given the responsibility for
planning design, construction, rental, management and
maintenance.
SPONSOR BUILDER-
110
