Programming Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
An electronic device capable of performing complex computations in a short time.
A
Computer
2
Q
A set of instructions for a computer, telling it what to do and how to behave.
A
Program
3
Q
The craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program.
A
Programming
4
Q
Consists of devices like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse, and speakers.
A
Hardware
5
Q
Is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain types of activities.
A
Software
6
Q
The conversion of images, letters, and sounds to digital electrical signals.
A
Data Representation
7
Q
Refers to a combination or sequence of “on” and “off” signals.
A
Digital Signal
8
Q
The manipulation of “on” and “off” (digital electrical) signals.
A
Digital Electronics
9
Q
Most computers are?, as opposed in analog devices
A
Digital
10
Q
Works with discrete signals such as 0 and 1.
A
Digital Device
11
Q
Works with continuous data.
A
Analog Device
12
Q
Has two discrete states – on and off.
A
Traditional Light Switch
13
Q
Has a rotating dial that controls a continuous range of brightness - from none (off) to full brightness.
A
Dimmer Switch
14
Q
The “0” and “1” are also known as? (2)
A
Bits or Binary Digits
15
Q
A 5-bit sequence or combination of “0” and “1” could be?
A
10011
16
Q
The computer is using this system which uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
A
Binary Number System
17
Q
This system uses ten symbols or numerals (0 – 9)
A
Decimal System
18
Q
This system uses only two symbols (0 and 1)
A
Binary System
19
Q
It can also be used to represent character data.
A
Bits
20
Q
ASCII stands for?
A
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
21
Q
It defines a set of characters that is displayed on screen.
A
ASCII
22
Q
ASCII uses only how many bits for each character?
A
7/8
23
Q
EBCDIC stands for?
A
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
24
Q
It is an alternative 8-bit code used by older IBM mainframe computers.
A
EBCDIC
25
IBM stands for?
International Business Machine
26
It is an 8, 16, or 32-bit character encoding scheme that provides codes for 65,000 characters.
Unicode
27
This was developed to represent all the writing systems of the world.
Unicode
28
It makes use of a series of 0’s and 1’s to represent 256 characters
Extended ASCII
29
Is a contraction of binary digits.
Bits
30
The abbreviation for bit is a lowercase “b”, used when measuring what?
Transmission speed
31
Is a collection of bits (8 to be exact).
Byte
32
Unit "B" bytes is usually used in measuring what?
Capacity
33
What does Bits and bytes uses to indicate large values?
Prefixes
34
Is either via electronic switches or electronic charges.
Storage
35
Are either on or off while charging devices are either charged or discharged.
Electronic Switches
36
Machines that generate input for the computer, such as keyboard, and the mouse.
Input Devices
37
The central electronic chip that controls the processes in the computer.
Processor or CPU
38
CPU stands for?
Central Processing Unit
39
Machines that display information from the computer such as monitor, speaker, and printer.
Output Devices
40
The part of the computer that stores applications, documents, and systems operating information.
Memory
41
Is defined as a program or a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.
Software
42
Is anything that can be stored electronically.
Software
43
An auxiliary set of instructions used in conjunction with the main software program.
Support Module
44
Contains data (not supplied by the user) necessary for the execution of certain tasks.
Data Module
45
Is used to accomplish specific tasks or specialized tasks.
Application Software
46
Controls the basic operations of the computer such as saving files in a storage device, accepting input from a keyboard and executing programs.
System Software
47
SDLC stands for?
Software Development Life Cycle
48
A methodology that is typically used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems for improving the quality of the software design and development process.
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)
49
The initial stage in the SDLC that has to be performed. This phase includes the information about the requirements of the proposed software.
Planning
50
The first stage in SDLC, planning is also known as?
Feasibility study phase
51
The second stage of SDLC which it requires the analyst to thoroughly study the current procedures or software used to execute tasks in an organization.
Analysis
52
The main goal of analysis is?
To identify the requirements for new software or simply change several aspects in the current working software.
53
Third stage of SDLC which the software developer converts the outcomes of the preceding stage into the software's real design or standards.
Design
54
The fourth stage of SDLC which is putting the proposed software into the test.
Implementation
55
During Implementation phase, implementing the software will include (3) steps.
Coding
Testing
Installation
56
This is the creation of the actual program.
Coding
57
Both programmer and analyst submits the software to various quality ____? to discover if there are any bugs within the software.
Testing
58
After coding and testing, the actual software must be completely replaces the old software, or what you call?
Installation
59
The fifth stage of SDLC is used to make the necessary patches to remove found errors.
Maintenance
60
Specifies what we want for the computer to do.
Problem Definition
61
Looking at the problem itself; point of view of the computer; start with the input / output.
Problem Analysis
62
This is an outline that breaks problems down into segments; strategy on how to do tasks.
Algorithm Development
63
It removes errors.
Coding and Debugging
64
A finite set of well-defined instructions for accomplishing a task, which, given an initial state, will result in a corresponding recognizable end-state.
Algorithm
65
Can be implemented by computer programs, although often in restricted forms.
Algorithm/s
66
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALGORITHM (3)
Specify each step or instruction exactly.
There must be a finite number of steps.
There must be an output.
67
Five phases of SDLC.
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
68
It cannot be compiled or executed, and there are no real formatting or syntax rules.
Pseudocode
69
The shorthand way of describing a computer program.
Pseudocode
70
A graphical representation of a sequence of operations.
Flowchart
71
In programming, it contains symbols describing how an algorithm or program operates.
Flowchart
72
It's Indicated by directed lines to show the direction of data / control flow.
Flow Lines
73
Ovals mark the start and end of a module, with the module name at the start and the end or exit, with one flow line entering and none exiting.
Terminal Block
74
The hexagon is used for declaring / initializing variables. you can only use variables that have been initialized.
Initialization Block
75
The rectangle indicates a processing block, for such things as calculations, opening and closing files, and so forth.
Process Block
76
The parallelogram indicates general input and output operations.
Input/Output Block
77
The diamond represents a decision with one entrance and two exits, labeled as true or false, and indicating when each exit point will be used.
Decision Block
78
They are used for in-page connectors with uppercase letters using circle, while pentagons are used for off-page connectors with uppercase letters and a number, connecting adjacent or distant sections of a flowchart.
Connectors
79
A shape that is used for in-page connectors.
Circles
80
A shape that is used for off-page connectors.
Pentagons
81
Are statements that result in a Boolean value.
Conditions
82
A result that is either True or False.
Boolean Value
83
It's a logical expressions.
Conditions
84
It evaluate to a Boolean value – either True or False.
Logical Expressions
85
What is the two types of operators resulting in Boolean values?
Logical Operator
Relational Operator
86
These are mainly used to control program flow. They are usually part of an IF, WHILE, and some other control statements.
Logical Operator
87
What are the three basic logical operators that can be used for conditional statement?
AND
OR
NOT
88
It compare two values and return a Boolean value depending on whether the test condition is True or False.
Relational Operator
89
It can be used to compare two operands and determine the validity of a relationship.
Relational Operator
90
An operator is used when either of the conditions is True.
OR
91
An operator is used if you want a strict condition.
AND
92
A structure that a decision box may not necessarily have to do something for both the True path and the False path.
Single Alternative Selection Structure
93
Allows you to perform two different tasks depending on the result of the condition’s evaluation.
Dual Alternative Selection Structure
94
It can oftentimes be combined into a single box. There are times, however, when you have to be very specific with the conditions that have to put in.
Multiple Decision Boxes
95
A set of program instructions that executes repeatedly until a condition is satisfied.
Loop/ Looping Construct
96
A structure that repeats one or more instructions until a certain condition is met.
Repetition structure
97
Repetition Structure also referred to as? (2)
Loop
Iteration
