Progress Tests Flashcards by Hugh Janus

what vasculitis is this describing: Small vessel vasculitis; targets upper airways (epistaxis, nasal crusting, sinusitis, deafness), eyes (diplopia, proptosis, blindness), lungs (haemoptysis, nodules, infiltrates) and kidneys; strong association with c-ANCA positivity

Wegeners Granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangitis)

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what vasculitis is this describing: Small vessel vasculitis; principal presentation is with palpable purpura over lower extremities, arthralgia and Raynaud’s phenomenon; may associate with hepatitis C viral infection and malignant B cell disease.

Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis

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what vasculitis is this describing: Small vessel vasculitis that targets venules; main clinical presentation is with recurrent oral and genital ulcers, anterior or posterior uveitis, and skin lesions.

Behcets disease

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what are first line prophylaxis agents for migraines

beta blockers or topiramate

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what is the classification of hypovolaemic shock

Class 1 shock: Loss <15% blood volume (~750 ml)

Class 2 shock: Loss 15-30% blood volume (750 - 1500 ml)

Class 3 shock: Loss 30-40% blood volume (1500 - 2000 ml)

Class 4 shock: Loss >40% blood volume (>2000 ml)

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what is a feature of chronic ischaemia

hair loss

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what is a sign of an acute aortic dissection on chest Xray

enlarged aortic knuckle

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what antihypertensive drugs cause erectile dysfunction

beta blockers

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what movement is affected in achilles ruptures

plantarflexion

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what is flumazenil

cure for benzodiazepine overdose

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is alcohol a risk factor for breast cancer development

yes

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what cells are affected in motor neurone disease

anterior horn cell

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what cells are affected in multiple sclerosis

central myelinated axons

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Tx for sigmoid volvulus in a patient that is not septic or hypercapnic

flatus tube insertion

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what causes loss of power, pain and temperature sensation with preservation of proprioception and vibration sense

anterior spinal cord transection

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What is Coeliacs disease associated with

subfertility

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what should you do if you see a lytic lesion on an XR + why

CT CAP - most likely a bone met

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what are poor prognostic indicators for pancreatitis

>55
WCC >15
PaO2 <8
serum LDH >600
Serum aspartate aminotransferase >200
serum albumin <32 
hypocalcaemia 
glucose >10
serum urea >16

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what should be done for knee OA before orthopaedic referral

regular analgesia, home exercises, steroid injections, physiotherapy

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what should be done with a patient with OA that has rest pain on maximum conservative treatments

ortho referral for elective knee replacement

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what are the radioopaque galstones made from

bile pigment

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how long does amitriptyline take to work and what is recommended in the meantime

a few weeks so immediate release morphine may be a good bridge

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what is the advice if a patient comes to primary care with delirium due to constipation

immediately refer to secondary care

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What counts as delayed passage of meconium

> 24 hours

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next steps if a child with a suspected UTI has positive urine dip

send urine for MCS

HTN Tx for >55 with ankle swelling

indapimide

what medication for BPH causes urinary retention

Donepezil

what is a common feature of 'dry eye'

excessive tearing with symptoms worse at the end of the day

what causes sagging of an eyelid

entropions

what helps to distinguish between mild dementia and depressive pseudo-dementia

normal investigatory blood screen

what kind of limp is associated with perthes disease

painless

what causes delerium at therapeutic doses

oxybutynin

what is first line for sedation of delirium

low dose haloperidol

what condition can causes flaky dry skin around the eyes and nose and what is it called

tuberous sclerosis, adenoma sebaceaum

what is most likely in a woman with dysuria and a history of unprotected sex

chlamydia

how do you differentiate between gonorrhea and chlamydia as causes of acute PID

discharge

cause of a baby with progressive floppiness and recurrent severe respiratory infections

spinal muscular atrophy

hypotonia, feeding difficulty, tent shaped mouth, mild respiratory impairment, mother has developmental delay and myopic facies

congenital myotonic dystrophy

factors that increase risk of suicide

access to firearms delusional beliefs hopelessness psychomotor agitation

is epilepsy a risk for pre-eclampsia

midwife antenatal visits

where is the uterosacral ligament

Posterior to the uterus in a U shape

best imaging for intraocular foreign body

orbital CT

where in the brain are the earliest changes in alzheimers disease seen

temporal lobe

best advice to reduce risk of spina bifida

take prescribed high dose folic acid before conception

Tx for malignant spinal cord compression

Dexamethasone

what results are consistent with cranial diabetes insipidus

low urinary osmolality usually increased serum osmolality after water deprivation for 8 hours desmopressin administration = massive rise in urine osmolality

when is glucogel indicated in hypoglycaemia and what is indicated instead

when they cant swallow, ALWAYS GIVE ORAL GLUCOSE/FOOD IF POSSIBLE

first line medicine for PBC

Ursodeoxycholic acid

sign for achilles tendinitis

calcaneal tendon enlargement

test for meniscal tear

McMurray test

brown/rust coloured sputum organism in pneumonia

streptococcus

only medication that treats nausea and agitation

levopromazine

what scan should be done if there is an unprovoked DVT

CT abdo/pelvis for possible malignancy

where is de quervains tenosynvitis felt

radial aspect of wrist

best imaging modality for cervical spine fractures

CT scan neck

what causes intrinsic hand muscle wasting

T1 nerve lesions

what is the most common pathogen in leg cellulitis

strep pyogenes

histological findings consistent with small intestinal metaplasia

intestinal metaplasia

what investigation should be done for a non-functioning thyroid nodule

USS neck

what has to be done before doing a wells score/CTPA/D-dimers for ?PE

CXR

what is the initial tx of superior vena cava obstruction

Dexamethasone

what antidiabetic drugs should be omitted in a Type 2 diabetic treated medically in a minor surgery

gliclazide - metformin can continue

fluid requirements for adults with underlying cardiac disease

20-25ml/kg/day

best anasthesa for AP resection for low rectal carcinoma

epidural

what is a common trigger for vasovagal syncope

micturation

what CK levels are considered definite rhabdomyolysis

>10,000 , <1000 isnt necessarily that