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Physics > Progressive And Stationary Waves > Flashcards

Progressive And Stationary Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What is a progressive wave

A

Transfers energy without transferring material and is made up of particles of a medium oscillating

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2
Q

What is amplitude

A

A waves max displacement from the equilibrium position

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3
Q

What are the units for amplitude

A

m

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4
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of complete oscillations passing through a point per second

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5
Q

What are the units for frequency

A

Hz

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6
Q

What is wavelength

A

The length of one whole oscillation

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7
Q

What is the unit for wavelength

A

m

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8
Q

What is the speed

A

Distance travelled by the wave per unit time

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9
Q

What is the unit of speed

A

m/s

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10
Q

What is phase

A

The position of a certain point on a wave cycle

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11
Q

Why are the units for phase

A

Radians, degrees or fractions of a cycle

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12
Q

What is phase difference

A

How much a particle/wave lags behind another particle/wave

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13
Q

What are the units for phase difference

A

Radians, degrees or fractions of a cycle

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14
Q

What is a period

A

Time taken for one full oscillation

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15
Q

When are two point in phase

A

If they are both at the same point of the wave cycle they will have the same displacement and velocity and their phase difference will be a multiple of 360°

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16
Q

If two points are in phase what do they need to have the same out of frequency amplitude and wavelength

A

Frequency and wavelength

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17
Q

When are two points out of phase

A

When they are a half cycle apart (180°)

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18
Q

What is the equation for the speed of a wave

A

Speed = frequency x wavelength

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19
Q

What is the equation for the frequency of a wave

A

Frequency = 1/period

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20
Q

What are transverse waves

A

Oscillations of particles is at right angles to the direction of energy transfer

21
Q

Are electromagnetic waves longitudinal or transverse

A

Transverse

22
Q

What speed to electromagnetic waves travel at

A

3 x10 ^8

23
Q

How can transverse waves be demonstrated

A

By shaking a slinky vertically or through the waves seen on a string when attached to a signal generator

24
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

Oscillations of particles is parallel to the direction of energy transfer

25
Q

What are longitudinal waves made out of

A

Compressions and rarefractions

26
Q

How can a longitudinal wave be demonstrated

A

By pushing a slinky horizontal

27
Q

what is a polarised wave

A

a transverse wave that oscillates in only one plane

28
Q

what does polarisation provide evidence for

A

the evidence for the nature of transverse waves because polarisation can only occur if a waves oscillations are perpendicular to its direction of travel

29
Q

how do polarised sunglasses reduce glare

A

by clocking partially polarised light reflected from water or tarmac as they only allow oscillations in the plane of the field making it easier to see

30
Q

how do TV and radio signals use polarisation to work

A

they plane polarised by the orientation of the rods on the transmitting aerial so the receiving ariel must be aligned in the same plane of polarisation to receive the signal at full strength

31
Q

what is superposition

A

is where the displacements of two waves are combined as they pass each other

32
Q

what is the resultant displacement in superposition

A

is the vector sum of each waves displacement

33
Q

what are the two types of interference

A

constructive and destructive

34
Q

how does constructive interference occur

A

occurs when 2 waves have displacement in the same direction

35
Q

how does destructive interference occur

A

occurs when on wave has positive displacement and the other has a negative displacement

36
Q

what needs to happen to get total destructive interference

A

when the waves have equal but opposite displacements

37
Q

what does a stationary wave form from and what needs to be the same

A

the superposition of 2 progressive waves travelling in opposite directions in the same plane with the same frequency, wavelength and amplitude

38
Q

do stationary waves transfer energy

A

no

39
Q

when waves meet in phase which interference occurs and what forms there

A

constructive interference and antinodes are formed

40
Q

when waves meet out of phase which interference occurs and what forms there

A

destructive interference and nodes are formed there

41
Q

what are antinodes

A

regions of maximum amplitude

42
Q

what are nodes

A

regions of no displacement

43
Q

what is an example of how to form a stationary wave

A

a string fixed at one end and the other end fixed to a driving oscillator

44
Q

how does a stationary wave form when fixed at one end and the other fixed to a driving oscillator

A

a wave travelling down the string from the oscillator will be reflected at the fixed end of the string and travel back along the string causing superposition of the two waves and because the waves have the same wavelength frequency and amplitude a stationary wave is formed

45
Q

what is the lowest frequency at which a stationary waves formed called

A

the first harmonic

46
Q

how many nodes and antinodes are in the first harmonic

A

two nodes and one antinode

47
Q

how do you find the frequency of the second harmonic from the first

A

double it

48
Q

how are stationary microwaves formed

A

by reflecting a microwave beam at a metal plate to find the nodes and antinodes use a microwave probe

49
Q

how are stationary sound waves formed

A

can be formed by placing a speaker at one end of the closed glass tube lay powder across the bottom of the tube it will be shaken at the antinodes and settle at the nodes as you then know the frequency and wavelength you can work out speed of sound

Physics (18 decks)

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