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Flashcards in Progressive Era Test Deck (36)
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1
Q

Cities at the turn of the century

A

Dirty, largely controlled by corrupt city bosses

Growing at Turn of the Century

A main target of progressives

2
Q

Controlling public utilities

A

The progressives stopped cities utilities, such as water, from being owned by private companies

Now utilities are owned by public companies/the government

3
Q

City Managers

A

Galveston, Texas was the first to use

City managers are experts in their field

4
Q

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

A

Prohibited the shipment in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children under 14

Ruled unconstitutional in Hammer v. Dagenhart because it was not Congress’s power to regulate production

Production is different than commerce?

5
Q

Newlands Reclamation Act

A

1902

Part of Roosevelt’s conservationism

Money from the sale of public land goes to irrigation projects in the West

6
Q

Federal Trade Commission

A

Part of Wilson’s 1914 New Freedom program

Empowered to investigate and take action against any “unfair trade practice” in every industry

Does not include banking and transportation

7
Q

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A

Naval officer that said controlling the sea was key to world dominance

Helped stimulate the naval race

Wanted a steel navy

8
Q

War Boards Function

A

Led by Bernard Baruch, a Wall Street broker

Centralized control on raw materials and prices

Set production priorities

9
Q

War Boards Purpose

A

America was not economically prepared to go into a major war

The War Boards were supposed to provide order and structure to American manufactoring

Met with a lot of backlash from Democrats and Laissez-faire supporters that this infringed on business rights

10
Q

National War Labor Board

A

Headed by William Taft

Arbitrated disputes between workers and employers

Wages rose, eight hour workday was more common, and union membership increased

11
Q

Creel Committee

A

Headed by George Creel

Was supposed to convince Americans to support the war

Speeches, billboards, leaflets and tons of propaganda was printed by the millions

Movies depicted the Germans as Huns were widely popular

Creel aroused patriotism and support for the war

12
Q

Women’s suffrage

A

In some cases a more militant approach was used to gain support. Notably Alice Paul started picketing.

19th amendment is passed in 1920. Dedicated efforts of women on the home front during the war helped get this passed

13
Q

16th amendment

A

Congress has the power to levy income taxes

14
Q

17th amendment

A

Direct election of US senators

15
Q

18th amendment

A

Establishes prohibition

16
Q

Foraker Act

A

Gave Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government

Also outlawed cockfighting

17
Q

Insular Cases

A

The Supreme Court decrees that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos were not protected under the constitution

They did not enjoy full American rights

18
Q

Federal Farm Loan Act

A

Wilson

Made credit available to the farmers at low interest rates

This was demanded by Wilson’s populist voters

19
Q

US Entry into WWI

A

Unrestricted German submarine warfare

Zimmerman Telegraph (German-Mexico alliance)

Russian Revolution (Allies are democratic)

20
Q

Opposition to the war

A

Populist, Progressives, and Socialists were antiwar activists that did not want any involvement in the European war

21
Q

League of Nations

A

One of Wilson’s 14 points and his most beloved point

22
Q

Why did the United States not ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations?

A

Republicans thought the League of Nations might decrease American sovereignty and violate the Monroe Doctrine

23
Q

Irreconcilable Republicans

A

Could not accept U.S. membership in the League of Nations under any terms

24
Q

Reservationists

A

Led by Henry Cabot Lodge

They would accept the League of Nations if some reservations were added

25
Q

Rejection of the treaty

A

Wilson gets sick on a tour to promote the treaty

Senate does not pass the treaty with or without reservations added to it

26
Q

Conditions of the Treaty of Versailles

A
  1. Germany looses its colonies
  2. French occupation of the Rhine
  3. Territories once owned by Germans were now taken by Allies
  4. League of Nations established
27
Q

Who specifically started the Open Door Policy in China?

A

McKinley’s secretary of state, John Hay

28
Q

First Open Door Notes

A

Establish that everyone should have equal trading rights in China

29
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

Chinese nationalists attacked foreign settlements and murdered dozens of Christian missionaries

US troops marched into Peking and crushed the rebellion of Boxers

30
Q

Second Open Door Notes

A
  1. Preserve China’s territorial integrity

2. Safeguard equal and impartial trade in China

31
Q

Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Exposition Address

A

Argued that blacks needs of education and economic progress were the first priority

Concentrate on learning industrial skills and establishing a strong economic base

From here they could gain social and political equality

32
Q

W.E.B. DuBois’s Niagara Movement

A

Feels that you need political and social rights before you can gain economic equality

The Niagara Movement later became the NAACP

Militant

33
Q

Urban migration

A

African Americans started moving out of the South and northward to cities

They left because of:

  1. Southern race relations were bad
  2. Crops were not productive
  3. Job opportunities in factories during WWI
34
Q

War by Act of Germany

A

Despite some believes that we entered WWI due to business reasons, business was thriving off of staying neutral

We entered chiefly because of German attacks on the sea, Zimmerman note, and Russia becoming czar free

35
Q

Sussex Pledge

A

The Germans pledge not to sink anymore American ships without warning

Germans eventually break this and we go to war with them

36
Q

National Defense Act

A

Wilson prepares for war