Project MGMT Chapter 2 - Winter 2013

Question 1

Adaptive software development (ASD)

Answer 1

A software development Approach used when requirements cannot be clearly expressed early In the lifecycle

Question 2

Agile software development

Answer 2

A message for software development that uses new approaches, focusing on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts

Question 3

Champion

Answer 3

A senior manager who acts as a key proponent for a project

Question 4

Deliverable

Answer 4

A product or service, such as technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a Project

Question 5

Executive steering committee

Answer 5

A group of senior executives from various parts of the organization who regularly review important Corporate Projects and issues

Question 6

Functional organizational structure

Answer 6

An organizational structure that groups people by functional areas such as information technology, manufacturing, engineering, and human resources

Question 7

Human resources frame

Answer 7

Focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people

Question 8

IT governance

Answer 8

Addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management

Question 9

Matrix organizational structure

Answer 9

An organizational structure in which employees are assigned to both functional and project managers

Question 10

Organizational culture

Answer 10

A set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviours that characterize the functioning of an organization

Question 11

Phase exit or kill point

Answer 11

Management review that should occur after each project phase to determine if projects should be continued, redirected, or terminated

Question 12

Political frame

Answer 12

Addresses organizational and personal politics

Question 13

Politics

Answer 13

Competition between groups or individuals for power and leadership

Question 14

Predictive lifecycle

Answer 14

Software development approach used when the scope of the project can be clearly articulated and the schedule and cost can be accurately predict

Question 15

Project Acquisition

Answer 15

The last two phases in a project (Implementation and close-out) That focus on delivering the actual work

Question 16

Project feasibility

Answer 16

The first two phases in a project (Concept and development) That focus on planning

Question 17

Project lifecycle

Answer 17

A collection of project phases, such as concepts, development, implementation, and close-out

Question 18

Project organizational structure

Answer 18

An organizational structure that groups people by major projects, such as specific aircraft programs

Question 19

Structural frame

Answer 19

Deals with how the organization is structured And focuses on different groups roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management

Question 20

Systems

Answer 20

Sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose

Question 21

Systems analysis

Answer 21

A problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system to be studied, and then dividing it into its component parts for identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs

Question 22

Systems approach

Answer 22

A holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems that includes using a systems philosophy, systems analysis, and systems management

Question 23

Systems development lifecycle (SDLC)

Answer 23

A Framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systems

Question 24

Systems management

Answer 24

Addressing the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and making a change to a system

Question 25

Systems philosophy

Answer 25

An overall model for thinking about things as systems

Question 26

Systems thinking

Answer 26

Taking a holistic view of an organization to effectively handle complex situations

Question 27

The three spheres of systems management

Answer 27

1 business 2 organization 3 technology

Question 28

The four frames of organizations

Answer 28

1 structural frame 2 human resources frame 3 political frame 4 symbolic frame

Question 29

Three types of organizational structures

Answer 29

1 project organizational structure 2 matrix organizational structure 3 functional organizational structure

Question 30

10 characteristics of organizational culture

Answer 30

``` 1 member identity 2 group emphasis 3 people focus 4 unit integration 5 control 6 risk tolerance 7 reward criteria 8 conflict tolerance 9 means-ends orientation 10 open systems focus ```

Question 31

Top management commitment is crucial to project managers for the following reasons

Answer 31

Project managers need adequate resources Project managers often require approval for unique project needs in a timely manner Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization Project managers often need someone to mentor and coach them on leadership issues

Question 32

SDLC models include

Answer 32

``` The waterfall lifecycle The spiral Lifecycle The incremental build life cycle The prototyping Lifecycle The RAD life cycle ```

Question 33

Projects Cannot be Run in Isolation ...

Answer 33

- projects must operate in a broad organizational environment - project managers need to use systems thinking - senior managers must make sure projects continue to support current business needs

Question 34

3 sphere model for systems management

Answer 34

1. Business ex. What will the laptop project cost? What will the impact be on enrollment 2. Technology ex. what will the hardware specs be? what operating system should we use? 3. Organization ex. who will train students, faculty, and staff? who will administer and support training?

Question 35

Understanding Organizations (the 4 frames)

Answer 35

Structural political Human Resources Symbolic

Question 36

The 3 Organizational Structures

Answer 36

Functional Project Matrix

Question 37

Ten Characteristics of Organizational Culture

Answer 37

``` Member identity* Group emphasis* people focus Unit Intergration* Control Risk Tolerance* Reward Criteria* Conflict tolerance* Means-ends orientation Open-systems focus* ``` * Project work is most successful in an organizational culture when these items are strong/high and other items are balanced

Question 38

Stakeholder Management

Answer 38

- project managers must take time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders - Using the 4 frames of organizations can help meet stakeholder needs and expectations - Senior executives/top management are very important stakeholders

Question 39

4 Ways Top Management Can Help Project Managers

Answer 39

- provide adequate resources - approving unique project needs in a timely manner - getting cooperation from other parts of the organization - mentoring and coaching on leadership issues

Question 40

(3) Recent Trends Affecting Project Management

Answer 40

- Globalization - Outsourcing - Virtual Teams